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Overview
Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) is an enhanced version of IKEv1. The same as IKEv1,
IKEv2 has a set of self-protection mechanisms and can be used on insecure networks for reliable
identity authentication, key distribution, and IPsec SA negotiation. IKEv2 provides stronger
protection against attacks and higher key exchange ability and needs less message exchanges than
IKEv1.
IKEv2 negotiation process
Compared with IKEv1, IKEv2 simplifies the negotiation process and is much more efficient.
IKEv2 defines three types of exchanges: initial exchanges, CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange, and
INFORMATIONAL exchange.
As shown in Figure 4, IKEv2 uses two exchanges during the initial exchange process: IKE_SA_INIT
and IKE_AUTH, each with two messages.
IKE_SA_INIT exchange—Negotiates IKE SA parameters and exchanges keys.
IKE_AUTH exchange—Authenticates the identity of the peer and establishes IPsec SAs.
After the four-message initial exchanges, IKEv2 sets up one IKE SA and one pair of IPsec SAs. For
IKEv1 to set up one IKE SA and one pair of IPsec SAs, it must go through two phases that use a
minimum of six messages.
To set up one more pair of IPsec SAs within the IKE SA, IKEv2 goes on to perform an additional
two-message exchange—the CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange. One CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange
creates one pair of IPsec SAs. IKEv2 also uses the CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange to rekey IKE
SAs and Child SAs.
IKEv2 uses the INFORMATIONAL exchange to convey control messages about errors and
notifications.
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