Figure 82: Site Connectivity in a Full-Mesh VPN ..........................................406
Figure 83: Route Target Configuration for a Full-Mesh VPN .........................407
Figure 84: Site Connectivity in a Hub-and-Spoke VPN .................................407
Figure 85: Route Target Configuration for a Hub-and-Spoke VPN ................408
Figure 86: Site Connectivity in an Overlapping VPN ....................................408
Figure 87: Route Target Configuration for an Overlapping VPN ...................409
Figure 88: Overlapping VPNs on a Single PE ...............................................409
Figure 89: Fully Meshed VPNs .....................................................................424
Figure 90: Hub-and-Spoke VPN ...................................................................426
Figure 91: Import and Export Maps .............................................................427
Figure 92: Configuring Static Routes ............................................................436
Figure 93: BGP/MPLS VPN IBGP Example ....................................................441
Figure 94: BGP/MPLS VPN EIBGP Example ..................................................442
Figure 95: PE-to-CE Session .........................................................................444
Figure 96: Network with Potential Routing Loops ........................................449
Figure 97: Preventing Potential Routing Loops in the Network ....................450
Figure 98: Allowing Local AS in VPNv4 Address Family ...............................451
Figure 99: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Unique VRF RDs,
Before Tunnels Go Down ......................................................................456
Figure 100: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability
Checking, After Tunnels Go Down ........................................................457
Figure 101: Static Default Route for Internet Access ....................................463
Figure 102: Fallback Global Option ..............................................................464
Figure 103: Global Import Map Applied to Routes Imported from VRF BGP
RIB ........................................................................................................465
Figure 104: BGP Session Between CE Router and Parent VR .......................466
Figure 105: Static Route to Shared IP Interface ...........................................468
Figure 106: Global Export Map Applied to Routes Exported from VRF BGP
RIB ........................................................................................................469
Figure 107: Carrier-of-Carriers Internet Service ...........................................471
Figure 108: Carrier-of-Carriers VPN Service .................................................473
Figure 109: Carrier-of-Carrier IPv6 VPNs .....................................................475
Figure 110: IPv6 Tunneled over MPLS-IPv4 .................................................476
Figure 111: IPv6 Tunneled Across IPv4 Domains ........................................477
Figure 112: OSPF Topology with Backdoor Link ..........................................482
Figure 113: OSPF Sham Link .......................................................................484
Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS
Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview 509
Figure 114: Layer 2 Services over a Provider’s MPLS Network ....................510
Figure 115: Common ISP Network ..............................................................515
Figure 116: E Series Router Replacing Remote ATM Switch ........................516
Figure 117: AAL5 Pseudowire and MPLS Tunnel .........................................516
Figure 118: CE-Side MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG .....................................521
Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 529
Figure 119: Local Cross-Connect Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces ...........533
Figure 120: CE-Side Load-Balancing Topology .............................................542
Figure 121: Sample Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration .........................544
List of Figures â– xxvii
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