11-6 Chapter 11
Error Terms
Error Correction
Directivity (E
DF
and E
DR
)
Description Directivity is a measure of any detected power that is reflected when a load
is attached to the test port. These are the uncorrected forward and reverse directivity error
terms of the system. The directivity error of the test port is determined by measuring the
reflection (S11, S22) of the load during the error-correction procedure.
Significant System Components
• load used in the error-correction (calibration)
• test port connectors
• test port cables
Affected Measurements
Low reflection device measurements are most affected by directivity errors.
Figure 11-1 Typical E
DF
/E
DR
without and with Cables
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