HOTSPOT GATEWAY
340 Glossary of Terms
TLS
(Transport Layer Security) A protocol that guarantees privacy and data integrity between client/server
applications communicating over the Internet. The TLS protocol is made up of two layers:
TLS Record Protocol
Layered on top of a reliable transport protocol, such as TCP, it ensures that the connection is private
by using symmetric data encryption and ensures that the connection is reliable. The TLS Record
Protocol also is used for encapsulation of higher-level protocols, such as the TLS Handshake
Protocol.
TLS Handshake Protocol
Allows authentication between the server and client and the negotiation of an encryption algorithm
and cryptographic keys before the application protocol transmits or receives any data.
TLS is application protocol-independent. Higher-level protocols can layer on top of the TLS protocol
transparently. Based on Netscape’s SSL 3.0, TLS supercedes and is an extension of SSL. TLS and SSL are
not interoperable. See also, Protocol and SSL.
Translation
See IP Address Translation.
Tunneling
A technology that enables one network to send its data via another network's connections. Tunneling works
by encapsulating a network protocol within packets carried by the second network. For example,
Microsoft's PPTP technology enables organizations to use the Internet to transmit data across a Virtual
Private Network (VPN). It does this by embedding its own network protocol within the TCP/IP packets
carried by the Internet. See also, TCP/IP and VPN.
ToS
(Type of Service) A field within an IP header which can be used by the device originating the packet, or by
an intermediate networking device, to signal a request for a specific QoS level. ToS uses three bits to tell a
router how to prioritize a packet and one bit apiece to signal requirements for delay, throughput, and
reliability. See also, Packet, QoS, Router, and Throughput.
URL
(Uniform Resource Locator) The standard method used for identifying the location of information available
to the Internet. This is effectively the “address” of a document or file, expressed in the form: protocol://
domain.filename/path.type (for example, http://www.myfile.com/nextpage.html).
UTC
(Coordinated Universal Time) A time scale that couples Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), which is based
solely on the Earth's inconsistent rotation rate, with highly accurate atomic time. When atomic time and
Earth time approach a one second difference, a leap second is calculated into UTC. UTC was devised on
January 1, 1972 and is coordinated in Paris by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. UTC, like
GMT, is set at 0 degrees longitude on the prime meridian
VoIP
(Voice over IP) An emerging technology for transporting integrated digital voice, video, and data over IP
networks. A major advantage of VoIP and Internet telephony is that it avoids the tolls charged by ordinary
telephone services. See also, Internet and IP
.
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