24 Chapter 2
E4438C Vector Signal Generator Overview
Modes of Operation
Modes of Operation
The ESG signal generator provides four modes of operation:
• continuous wave (CW)
• swept signal
• analog modulation
• digital modulation
Continuous Wave
In this mode, the signal generator produces a CW signal. The signal generator is set to a single frequency
and power level.
Swept Signal
In this mode, the signal generator sweeps over a range of frequencies and/or power levels. Both list and step
sweep functionality is available.
Analog Modulation
In this mode, the signal generator modulates the CW signal using one of four analog modulation types:
• AM (two paths and wideband)
•FM (two paths)
• ΦM (normal and high bandwidth)
• Pulse modulation
Some of these modulation types can be used together.
Digital Modulation
In this mode, the signal generator modulates a CW signal with either a real-time I/Q signal or arbitrary I/Q
waveform. I/Q modulation is only available on the E4438C. An optional internal baseband generator
(Option 001/601 002/602) adds the following digital modulation formats:
• Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode can produce a single-modulated carrier or multiple-modulated
carriers. Each modulated carrier waveform must be calculated and generated before it can be output; this
signal generation occurs on the internal baseband generator. Once a waveform has been created, it can be
stored and recalled, which enables repeatable playback of test signals. To learn more, refer to “Using the
Arbitrary Waveform Generator” on page 372.
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