Keysight E4980A/AL Precision LCR Meter                                                                                                191
Measurement Procedure and Examples
Impedance Parameters
7-
Impedance Parameters
All circuit components, resistors, capacitors, and inductors have parasitic 
components lurking in the shadows waiting for the unwary. These include, for 
example, unwanted resistance in capacitors, unwanted capacitance in 
inductors, and unwanted inductance in resistors. Thus, simple components 
should be modeled as complex impedances. 
Figure 7-2(A) shows the impedance definitions, and Figure 7-2 (B) shows the 
vector representation of impedance. Impedance, Z is the total opposition that a 
circuit or device offers to the flow of alternating current at a given frequency. Z 
contains a real and an imaginary part, and it is expressed in rectangular form 
as Resistance and Reactance, or in polar form as absolute value of Impedance 
and Phase as follows.
Where,
Z Impedance []
R Resistance []
X Reactance []
|Z| Absolute Value of Impedance []
 Phase of Impedance [deg or rad]
Rs Series Resistance []
Z R jX+ Z = =
Z R
2
X
2
+=
X
R
------
 
 
atan=
R Rs=