15
3 Basic Principles Of Separation
The purpose of separation can be to
• free a liquid of solid particles,
• separate two mutually insoluble liquids
with different densities while removing
any solids present at the same time,
• separate and concentrate solid particles
from a liquid.
3.1 Separation By Gravity
A liquid mixture in a stationary bowl will clear
slowly as the heavy particles in the liquid
mixture sink to the bottom under the influence
of gravity.
A lighter liquid rises while a heavier liquid and
solids sink.
Continuous separation and sedimentation can
be achieved in a settling tank having outlets
arranged according to the difference in density
of the liquids.
Heavier particles in the liquid mixture will
settle and form a sediment layer on the tank
bottom.
G0870111
G0870211
Gravity
Sediment layer of
heavier particles
Heavier
liquid
Lighter
liquid
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