C. Nuclide Library FLIR Detection
Annihilation
Annihilation Radiation
..
I Industrially used material
Annihilation radiation is released by the electron-positron extermi-
nation caused by the beta+ decay. It has a ixed energy of 511 keV
and is caused by all beta+ radiators. Common examples are
18
F (used
for medical applications) or
22
Na which also emits gamma radiation.
Background
..
I Naturally occurring radioactive material
The ubiquitous background radiation is emitted from a variety of
mostly natural and some artiicial sources such as unstable nuclides
contained in most chemical elements comprising the lithosphere, bio-
sphere, and atmosphere; cosmic radiation from outer space; and
applications of nuclear technology for weapons, power plants and
medicine. The background recorded by an instrument is, of course,
spoiled by non-natural sources present while measuring the back-
ground.
Neutrons
..
T Special nuclear material
Neutron radiation can have different origins, the most common types
are spontaneous ission sources (e. g.
252
Cf) and alpha emitters
packaged in a low-Z elemental matrix (e. g. Americium-Beryllium,
Americium-Lithium or Plutonium-Beryllium). Both types have a wide
range of applications, including industrial and medical ields. Neu-
trons can also occur in the vicinity of nuclear power plants driven by
neutrons that collide with the ission material, typically using one of
the above sources.
Unknown
..
S Unknown nuclear material
An unknown source of radiation. Further investigations are neces-
sary.
Americium
241
95
Am 433 a
Am-241
..
T Industrially used material
Most commonly used in smoke detectors and to measure levels of
toxic lead in paint samples. Also used to ensure uniform thickness in
rolling processes like steel and paper production. May be combined
with beryllium or lithium to produce a neutron source.
to be continued…
260 identiFINDER
®
R300/en/2014.4(13623)/Feb2015
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