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JUNOSE 11.2.X BGP AND MPLS
Juniper JUNOSE 11.2.X BGP AND MPLS
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P
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Config
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Monitoring
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©
2010,
Juniper
Net
works,
Inc.
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Table of Contents
Main Page
Chapter 3 MPLS Overview
245
MPLS Overview
246
Terminology for MPLS Topics
246
Table 49: Conventions for MPLS Terms
247
Border Gateway Protocol
248
MPLS Terms and Acronyms
248
Figure 47: Simple MPLS Domain
255
Figure 48: Label Switching
255
Figure 49: Label Stacking
257
Figure 50: Shim Header
258
TTL Processing in the Platform Label Space Overview
258
TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets
259
Figure 51: TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets
260
Rules for Processing on an LSR
260
TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets
260
Rules for Processing on an LER
261
Figure 52: TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets
262
MPLS Rules for TTL Expiration
262
MPLS Label Distribution Methodology
263
Figure 53: LSP Creation, Downstream-On-Demand, Ordered Control
264
Figure 54: LSP Creation, Downstream-Unsolicited, Independent Control
265
IP Data Packet Mapping Onto MPLS Lsps Overview
265
Statistics for IP Packets Moving on or off MPLS Lsps
267
MPLS Forwarding and Next-Hop Tables Overview
269
IP and Ipv6 Tunnel Routing Tables and MPLS Tunnels Overview
270
MPLS Packet Spoof Checking Overview
270
Explicit Routing for MPLS Overview
271
Figure 55: Explicit Routing in an MPLS Domain
272
MPLS Interfaces and Interface Stacking Overview
272
MPLS Major Interfaces
272
Figure 56: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Platform Label Space
273
Interface Stacking
273
MPLS Minor Interfaces
273
MPLS Shim Interfaces
273
Figure 57: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Interface Label Space
274
MPLS Label Distribution Protocols Overview
274
LDP Messages and Sessions
275
RSVP-TE Messages and Sessions
276
BGP Signaling
277
RSVP-TE State Refresh and Reliability
277
ECMP Labels for MPLS Overview
278
MPLS Connectivity and ECMP
278
Supported Tlvs
279
Table 51: Tlvs Supported by MPLS LSP Ping
279
MPLS Connectivity Verification and Troubleshooting Methods
280
Table 52: Sub-Tlvs Supported for the Target FEC Stack TLV
280
Nodes
282
Overview
282
Point-To-Multipoint Lsps Connectivity Verification at Egress Nodes
282
Echo Jitter TLV Overview
283
P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Overview
283
RSVP P2MP Ipv4 Session Sub-TLV Overview
283
Echo Jitter TLV Operations
284
Tlvs and Sub-Tlvs Supported for Point-To-Multipoint Lsps Connectivity Verification at Egress Nodes
284
Traceroute Overview
284
P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Operations
285
Table 53: Sub-Tlvs Supported for the P2MP Responder Identifier TLV
285
Egress Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-Tlvs
286
LDP Discovery Mechanisms
286
Node Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-Tlvs
286
LDP Basic Discovery Mechanism
287
LDP Extended Discovery Mechanism
287
LSP Backup
288
MPLS Traffic Engineering Overview
288
Path Option
288
Reoptimization
288
Methods for Configuring RSVP-TE Tunnels
289
Tracking Resources for MPLS Traffic Engineering Overview
289
Admission Control Interface Table
290
Configuring Traffic-Engineering Resources
290
Starting Admission Control
290
LDP over RSVP-TE
291
LSP Preemption
291
Topology-Driven Lsps Overview
291
LDP Graceful Restart Overview
292
Table 50: MPLS Terms and Acronyms
248
MPLS Features
250
MPLS Platform Considerations
251
MPLS References
252
MPLS Label Switching and Packet Forwarding Overview
254
MPLS Label Switching: Push, Look Up, and Pop
255
MPLS Lsrs
255
Figure 58: LDP Tunneled through an RSVP-TE Core
292
Table 54: Summary of LDP Graceful Restart States
293
LDP-IGP Synchronization Overview
294
Synchronization and te Metrics
296
Synchronization Behavior During Graceful Restart
296
Synchronization Behavior on IGP Passive Interfaces
296
Synchronization Behavior on LAN Interfaces
296
Use of RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability
296
Hello Message Instances
297
Hello Message Objects
297
Sequence of Hello Message Exchange
297
Behavior of the Acknowledging Peer
298
Behavior of the Requesting Peer
298
Determination that a Peer Has Reset
298
Announcement of the Graceful Restart Capability
299
Behavior of both Peers
299
Restarting Behavior
299
RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Overview
299
Recovery Behavior
300
Preservation of an Established LSP Label
301
RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node Ids Overview
301
BFD Protocol and RSVP-TE Overview
302
Pipe and Short Pipe Models
303
Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services Overview
303
EXP Bits for Differentiated Services Overview
304
Incoming Traffic
304
Outgoing Traffic
304
Uniform Model
304
MPLS Label Stacking
256
MPLS Labels and Label Spaces
257
Setting the EXP Bits for Outgoing Traffic
305
Figure 59: Flow for Initial Setting of EXP Bits for the First Label Pushed
306
Figure 60: Flow for Setting EXP Bits for All Pushed Labels
307
Point-To-Multipoint Lsps Overview
307
Using E Series Routers as Egress Lsrs
308
Figure 61: Simple MPLS Domain
309
Configuring MPLS
311
Basic MPLS Configuration Tasks
312
Table 55: Configuration Tasks by Type of Network
312
Configuring MPLS
313
MPLS Global Configuration Tasks
313
MPLS Global Tasks
313
LDP Global Tasks
314
RSVP-TE Global Tasks
315
LDP and RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks
316
LDP Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands
317
MPLS Interface Configuration Tasks
317
RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands
317
LDP Interface Tasks
318
MPLS Interface Tasks
318
RSVP-TE Interface Tasks
318
MPLS Tunnel Configuration Tasks
319
MPLS Tunnel Profile Configuration Tasks
321
Configuring Explicit Routing for MPLS
322
Defining Configured Explicit Paths
323
Specifying Configured Explicit Paths on a Tunnel
323
Additional LDP Configuration Tasks
324
Configuring Dynamic Explicit Paths on a Tunnel
324
Configuring LDP FEC Deaggregation
324
Configuring LDP Graceful Restart
325
Figure 62: FEC Aggregation and Equal-Cost Paths
325
Configuring LDP Autoconfiguration
326
Configuring LDP MD5 Authentication
327
Configuring LDP-IGP Synchronization
327
Controlling LDP Label Distribution
328
Additional RSVP-TE Configuration Tasks
329
Configuring RSVP MD5 Authentication
330
Configuring RSVP-TE Fast Rerouting with RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels
331
Figure 63: Bypass Tunnel
331
Configuration Example
332
Configuring RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability
333
Fast Reroute over SONET/SDH
333
Configuring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart
334
Configuring RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node Ids
335
Configuring the BFD Protocol for RSVP-TE
336
Configuring Igps and MPLS
337
Configuring the Igps for Traffic Engineering
338
Configuring MPLS and Differentiated Services
339
Configuring EXP Bits for Differentiated Services
340
Configuring the Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services
340
Example Differentiated Services Application and Configuration
341
Differentiated Services Configuration Example
342
Figure 64: Differentiated Services over an MPLS Network
342
Classifying Traffic for Differentiated Services
343
Table 56: Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination
344
Table 57: Examples of Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination
344
Configuring Static EXP-To-PHB Mapping
345
Table 58: Outgoing L-LSP PHB Determination
345
Signaled Mapping for RSVP-TE Tunnels
346
Figure 65: Associations between PHB ID, EXP Bits, and Traffic
347
Figure 66: Signaled Mapping
347
Preference of Per-VR Versus Per-LSP Behavior
348
Example Traffic Class Configuration for Differentiated Services
349
Table 59: Differentiated Services Mapping
349
Configuration on the Ingress Router
350
Configuration on the Ingress and Transit Routers
351
Configuration on the Transit and Egress Routers
352
Configuring Point-To-Multipoint Lsps
353
Monitoring MPLS
357
Setting a Baseline for MPLS Major Interface Statistics
358
Setting the Baseline for MPLS Statistics
358
Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Forwarding Table Statistics
359
Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Next-Hop Table Statistics
359
Clearing and Re-Creating Dynamic Interfaces from MPLS Major Interfaces
360
Enabling Statistics Collection for Policies Attached to MPLS Tunnels
360
Setting a Baseline for MPLS Tunnel Statistics
360
Clearing and Refreshing Ipv4 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing Table
361
Clearing and Refreshing Ipv6 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing Table
361
Tracing Paths through the MPLS User Plane
361
Monitoring ATM Vcs and VPI/VCI Ranges Used for MPLS
362
Table 60: Show Atm VC Output Fields
362
Accounting
363
Monitoring Global Call Admission Control Configuration
363
Monitoring Virtual Router Configuration
364
Table 61: Show Cac Interface Output Fields
364
Monitoring IP and Ipv6 Tunnel Routing Tables
365
Monitoring LDP
366
Table 62: Show Ip Tunnel Route and Show Ipv6 Tunnel-Route Output Fields
366
Table 63: Show Ldp Output Fields
367
Monitoring MPLS Label Bindings
368
Monitoring LDP Graceful Restart
369
Table 64: Show Ldp Binding and Show Mpls Binding Output Fields
369
Table 65: Show Ldp Graceful Restart Output Fields
369
Monitoring Interfaces that Are Synchronizing with LDP
370
Monitoring LDP Interfaces
370
Table 66: Show Ldp Igp-Sync Output Fields
370
Table 67: Show Ldp Interface Output Fields
371
Monitoring LDP Neighbors
373
Table 68: Show Ldp Neighbor Output Fields
374
Monitoring LDP Profiles
375
Monitoring LDP Statistics
376
Table 69: Show Ldp Profile Output Fields
376
Table 70: Show Ldp Statistics Output Fields
377
Monitoring LDP Targeted Hello Receive and Send Lists
378
Monitoring MPLS Status and Configuration
379
Table 71: Show Ldp Targeted Session Output Fields
379
Table 72: Show Mpls Output Fields
380
Monitoring MPLS Explicit Paths
381
Monitoring the RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels
382
Table 73: Show Mpls Explicit-Paths Output Fields
382
Table 74: Show Mpls Fast-Reroute Output Fields
382
Monitoring MPLS Labels Used for Forwarding
383
Table 75: Show Mpls Forwarding Output Fields
383
Monitoring MPLS Interfaces
384
Table 76: Show Mpls Interface Output Fields
388
Monitoring MPLS Minor Interfaces
390
Monitoring MPLS Next Hops
391
Table 77: Show Mpls Minor-Interface Output Fields
391
Monitoring the Configured Mapping between PHB Ids and Traffic Class/Color Combinations
392
Table 78: Show Mpls Next-Hop Output Fields
392
Monitoring RSVP-TE Profiles and MPLS Tunnel Profiles
393
Table 79: Show Mpls Phb-ID Output Fields
393
Table 80: Show Mpls Profile Output Fields
393
Monitoring RSVP Path State Control Blocks, Reservation State Control Blocks
394
Or Sessions
394
Table 81: Show Mpls Rsvp Output Fields
395
Monitoring RSVP MD5 Authentication
398
Monitoring RSVP-TE Interfaces Where BFD Is Enabled
398
Table 82: Show Mpls Rsvp Authentication Output Fields
398
Monitoring RSVP-TE Interface Counters
399
Table 83: Show Mpls Rsvp Bfd Interfaces Output Fields
399
Table 84: Show Mpls Rsvp Counters Output Fields
400
Monitoring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart
401
Monitoring RSVP-TE Hello Adjacency Instances
402
Table 85: Show Mpls Rsvp Hello Graceful Restart Output Fields
402
Table 86: Show Mpls Rsvp Hello Instance Output Fields
403
Monitoring Status and Configuration for MPLS Tunnels
404
Table 87: Show Mpls Tunnels Output Fields
405
Verifying and Troubleshooting MPLS Connectivity
406
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit
407
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or Ipv6 Address
407
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or Ipv6 Prefix
407
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit
407
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or Ipv6 Address
407
Packet Flow Examples for Verifying MPLS Connectivity
408
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance
408
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel
408
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance
408
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or Ipv6 Prefix
408
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel
408
Figure 67: Sample MPLS L3VPN Topology
409
Packet Flow Example for the Ping Mpls Command
409
Packet Flow Examples for MPLS Lsps to an IP Prefix
409
Packet Flow Example for the Trace Mpls Command
411
Packet Flows for Ping and Trace to L3VPN Ipv4 Prefixes
412
Inter-AS Topology
414
Packet Flows to L3VPN Ipv6 Prefixes
415
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in Point-To-Point Lsps
415
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with a Martini Circuit
416
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with a VPLS Instance
416
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with an IP or Ipv6 Address
416
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with an L3VPN IP or Ipv6 Prefix
416
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-To-Point MPLS LSP Associated with an RSVP-TE Tunnel
416
Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications
419
Overview
419
Address Families
420
Equal-Cost Multipath Support
421
BGP/MPLS VPN Components
422
Figure 68: ECMP BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario
422
Figure 69: BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario
423
Figure 70: BGP/MPLS VPN Components
424
Route Targets
425
VPN-Ipv4 Addresses
425
Distribution of Routes and Labels with BGP
426
Figure 71: Route and Label Distribution
426
Figure 72: Standard and Extended BGP Update Messages
428
Platform Considerations
429
References
429
Figure 73: BGP/MPLS VPN Route Exchange
430
Transporting Packets Across an IP Backbone with MPLS
430
Figure 74: LSP Creation for BGP/MPLS VPN
432
Figure 75: Traffic Across the MPLS Backbone of a BGP/MPLS VPN
432
Configuring Ipv6 Vpns
434
BGP Control Plane Behavior
435
Figure 76: Ipv6 VPN Services over Ipv4 MPLS
435
Intra-AS Ipv6 Vpns
435
CE-PE Behavior
436
MPLS Data Plane Behavior
436
PE-PE Behavior
436
Figure 77: Inter-AS Topology with Vrfs on each as Boundary Router
437
Inter-AS Option a
437
Providing Ipv4 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems
437
Figure 78: Inter-AS Topology with End-To-End Stacked MPLS Tunnels
438
Inter-AS Option B
438
Inter-AS Option C
441
Figure 79: Topology for Three-Label Stack Configuration for Inter-AS Option
442
Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors
443
Figure 80: Topology for Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors
444
Providing Ipv6 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems
444
Figure 81: Inter-AS Ipv6 VPN Services
445
Full-Mesh Vpns
445
Using Route Targets to Configure VPN Topologies
445
Figure 82: Site Connectivity in a Full-Mesh VPN
446
Figure 83: Route Target Configuration for a Full-Mesh VPN
446
Hub-And-Spoke Vpns
446
Figure 84: Site Connectivity in a Hub-And-Spoke VPN
447
Figure 85: Route Target Configuration for a Hub-And-Spoke VPN
447
Overlapping Vpns
447
Figure 86: Site Connectivity in an Overlapping VPN
448
Figure 87: Route Target Configuration for an Overlapping VPN
448
Figure 88: Overlapping Vpns on a Single PE
449
Exchanging Route-Target Membership Information
450
Receiving and Sending RT-MEM-NLRI Routing Updates
451
Table 88: Route-Target Filtering Advertisement Rules for Routes Received from
452
Conditions for Advertising RT-MEM-NLRI Routes
453
Advertising a Default Route
454
Route Selection When Route-Target Filtering Is Enabled
455
Configuring Route-Target Filtering
456
Configuring BGP VPN Services
457
Multicast Services over Vpns
457
VRF Configuration Tasks
457
PE Router Configuration Tasks
459
Creating a VRF
460
Specifying a Route Distinguisher
460
Defining Route Targets for Vrfs
461
Figure 89: Fully Meshed Vpns
462
Figure 90: Hub-And-Spoke VPN
464
Setting Import and Export Maps for a VRF
464
Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps
465
Figure 91: Import and Export Maps
465
Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps
466
Subsequent Distribution of Routes
466
Table 89: Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps
466
Table 90: Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps
466
Creating a Map
467
Export Maps
467
Global Export Maps
468
Import Maps
468
Global Export of Ipv6 VPN Routes into the Global BGP Ipv6 RIB
469
Global Import Maps
469
Assigning an Interface to a VRF
470
Defining Secondary Routing Table Lookup
471
Adding Static Routes to a VRF
472
Configuring Igps on the VRF
473
Configuring the IGP in the VRF Context
473
Figure 92: Configuring Static Routes
473
Configuring the IGP Outside the VRF Context
474
Creating Labels Per FEC
475
Disabling Automatic Route-Target Filtering
475
Configuring PE-To-PE Lsps
477
Enabling BGP ECMP for BGP/MPLS Vpns
477
Enabling BGP Routing
477
Figure 93: BGP/MPLS VPN IBGP Example
478
Figure 94: BGP/MPLS VPN EIBGP Example
479
Enabling VPN Address Exchange
480
Constraining Route Distribution with Route-Target Filtering
449
Configuring PE-To-CE BGP Sessions
481
Figure 95: PE-To-CE Session
481
Advertising IGP Routes to Customers
482
Advertising Static Routes to Customers
482
Disabling the Default Address Family
482
Using a Single as Number for All CE Sites
483
Preventing Routing Loops
484
Figure 96: Network with Potential Routing Loops
485
Figure 97: Preventing Potential Routing Loops in the Network
486
Figure 98: Allowing Local as in Vpnv4 Address Family
487
Controlling Route Importation
488
Deleting Routes for a VRF
489
Enabling VRF-To-VR Peering
490
Achieving Fast Reconvergence in VPN Networks
491
Fast Reconvergence with Unique Rds
492
Figure 99: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Unique VRF Rds, before Tunnels Go down
492
Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability Checking
493
Figure 100: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability Checking, after Tunnels Go down
493
Configuring BGP to Send Labeled and Unlabeled Unicast Routes
494
BGP Next-Hop-Self
495
BGP Processing of Received Routes
495
Afi
496
Labeled Unicast Routes
496
Labeled VPN Routes
496
Resolving Ipv6 Indirect Next Hops
496
Table 91: Resolution of Indirect Next Hops
496
Unlabeled Unicast Routes
496
Enabling Traffic Flow from the VPN to the Internet
497
Problems
497
Providing Internet Access to and from Vpns
497
Table 92: Advertising Action Taken Following Best Route Selection
497
Configuring a Default Route to a Shared Interface
498
Solutions
498
Configuring a Fallback Global Option
499
Figure 101: Static Default Route for Internet Access
499
Configuring a Global Import Map for Specific Routes
500
Figure 102: Fallback Global Option
500
Creating a BGP Session between the CE Router and the Parent VR
501
Figure 103: Global Import Map Applied to Routes Imported from VRF BGP
501
Figure 104: BGP Session between CE Router and Parent VR
502
Enabling Traffic Flow from the Internet to the VPN
503
Static Routes to a Shared IP Interface
503
Figure 105: Static Route to Shared IP Interface
504
Global Export Map
504
Carrier-Of-Carriers Ipv4 Vpns
505
Figure 106: Global Export Map Applied to Routes Exported from VRF BGP
505
Customer Carrier as an Internet Service Provider
506
Configuration Steps
507
Figure 107: Carrier-Of-Carriers Internet Service
507
Customer Carrier as a VPN Service Provider
508
Configuration Steps
509
Figure 108: Carrier-Of-Carriers VPN Service
509
Enabling Carrier-Of-Carriers Support on a VRF
510
Carrier-Of-Carriers Ipv6 Vpns
511
Carrier-Of-Carriers Using BGP as the Label Distribution Protocol
511
Figure 109: Carrier-Of-Carrier Ipv6 Vpns
511
Connecting Ipv6 Islands Across Ipv4 Clouds with BGP
512
Figure 110: Ipv6 Tunneled over MPLS-Ipv4
512
Connecting Ipv6 Islands Across Multiple Ipv4 Domains
513
Figure 111: Ipv6 Tunneled Across Ipv4 Domains
513
Configuring Ipv6 Tunneling over Ipv4 MPLS
514
Distributing OSPF Routes from CE Router to PE Router
515
OSPF and BGP/MPLS Vpns
515
Distributing Routes between PE Routers
516
OSPF Domain Identifier Attribute
516
Preserving OSPF Routing Information Across the MPLS/VPN Backbone
516
Advertising Prefixes with Duplicate as Numbers
487
OSPF Route Type Attribute
516
Table 93: Route Types and Route Origins
516
Distributing OSPF Routes from PE Router to CE Router
517
Preventing Routing Loops
517
Figure 112: OSPF Topology with Backdoor Link
518
OSPF Backdoor Links
518
Using Remote Neighbors to Configure OSPF Sham Links
518
Figure 113: OSPF Sham Link
519
OSPF Sham Links
519
Configuration Tasks
521
Configuring L2Vpns
522
Configuring VPLS
522
Enabling the MP-BGP Events Log Display
525
Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPN
525
Monitoring BGP/MPLS Vpns
525
Table 94: Show Ip Bgp Next-Hop Output Fields
526
Monitoring VRF Interfaces
527
Table 95: Show Ip Interface Vrf Output Fields
528
Monitoring VRF Routing Protocols
530
Table 96: Show Ip Protocols Output Fields
530
Monitoring the VRF Routing Table
532
Table 97: Show Ip Route Output Fields
532
Monitoring the VRF
533
Table 98: Show Ip Vrf Output Fields
535
Monitoring Load-Balanced Martini Circuits
539
Table 99: Show Mpls L2Transport Load-Balancing-Group Output Fields
540
Monitoring MPLS Tunnels
541
Table 100: Show Mpls Tunnels Output Fields
541
Disabling the MP-BGP Events Log Display
542
Layer 2 Services over MPLS
543
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview
545
Figure 114: Layer 2 Services over a Provider's MPLS Network
546
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Platform Considerations
546
Module Requirements
546
Interface Specifiers
547
Layer 2 Services over MPLS References
547
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Implementation
548
Local Cross-Connects between Layer 2 Interfaces Using MPLS Overview
549
MPLS Shim Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview
550
ATM Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview
551
Multiple Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview
551
AAL5 Encapsulation
552
Figure 115: Common ISP Network
552
Figure 116: E Series Router Replacing Remote ATM Switch
552
Figure 117: AAL5 Pseudowire and MPLS Tunnel
553
AAL0 Raw Cell Mode
554
Cell Concatenation Parameters
554
Control Word Support
554
VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation
554
Cell Concatenation and Latency
555
Control Word Support
555
Unsupported Features
555
Control Word Support
556
Encapsulation
556
HDLC Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview
556
Interface Stacking
556
Local Cross-Connects
556
Limitations
553
OAM Cells
553
Qos Classification
553
CE-Side MPLS L2Vpns over LAG Overview
557
Figure 118: CE-Side MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG
557
Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport Overview
558
Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Overview
560
S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Overview
560
Guidelines for Configuring VPI/VCI Ranges of ATM Virtual Circuits
563
An ATM Port
564
Performance Impact and Scalability Considerations
564
Before You Configure Layer 2 Services over MPLS
565
Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS
565
Configuring Frame Relay Layer 2 Services
566
Configuring Interoperation with Legacy Frame Relay Layer 2 Services
566
Configuring Ethernet/Vlan Layer 2 Services
567
Configuring S-VLAN Tunnels for Layer 2 Services
568
Configuring Local Cross-Connects between Ethernet/Vlan Interfaces
569
Figure 119: Local Cross-Connect between Ethernet/Vlan Interfaces
569
Configuring Local ATM Cross-Connects with AAL5 Encapsulation
570
Configuring an MPLS Pseudowire with VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation
571
Configuring HDLC Layer 2 Services
574
CE-Side Load Balancing for Martini Layer 2 Transport
575
Differences
575
Understanding CE Load Balancing for Martini Layer 2 Transport
575
And VC ID
576
VC ID
576
Figure 120: CE-Side Load-Balancing Topology
577
Load-Balancing Group Configuration
577
Adding a Member Interface to a Group Circuit
578
Configuring Load-Balancing Groups
578
MPLS Interfaces and Labels
578
Example: Configuring Frame Relay over MPLS
579
Figure 121: Sample Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration
579
Removing Member Subinterfaces from a Circuit
579
Example: Configuring MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG
582
Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router)
583
Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router)
583
Figure 122: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration Example
583
Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router)
584
Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router)
586
Example: Configuring MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG
586
Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router)
587
Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router)
587
Figure 123: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example
587
Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router)
588
Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router)
589
Examples: Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport
589
Figure 124: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example
590
Table 101: Martini Circuit Scenarios Without Ethernet Raw Mode
590
Table 102: Martini Circuit Scenarios with Ethernet Raw Mode
591
Figure 125: Ethernet Packet Distribution over Martini Circuits
592
Figure 126: Martini Circuit with Two Pseudowires between PE-Facing
593
Example: Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire
595
Figure 127: Martini Circuit Deployment for Transmission of Multiple ATM Vcs
595
Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS
597
Setting Baselines for Layer 2 Services over MPLS Statistics
597
Monitoring ATM Martini Cell Packing Timers for Layer 2 Services over MPLS
598
Examples: Configuring S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID
593
Monitoring ATM Subinterfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS
598
Table 103: Show Atm Mcpt-Timers Output Fields
598
Monitoring ATM Cross-Connects for Layer 2 Services over MPLS
599
Table 104: Show Atm Subinterface Output Fields
599
Monitoring MPLS Forwarding for Layer 2 Services over MPLS
600
Table 105: Show Mpls Cross-Connects Atm Output Fields
600
Table 106: Show Mpls Forwarding Output Fields
601
Monitoring MPLS Layer 2 Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS
602
Table 107: Show Mpls Interface and Show Mpls L2Transport Interface Output
603
Virtual Private LAN Service
607
VPLS Overview
609
VPLS Protocol Overview
609
Figure 128: VPLS Sample Topology
610
VPLS Components Overview
610
Customer Edge Devices
611
VPLS Domains
611
VPLS Edge Devices
611
Table 108: VPLS Forwarding Table on PE 1 for VPLS a
612
Table 109: VPLS Forwarding Table on PE 1 for VPLS B
612
Table 110: VPLS Forwarding Table on PE 2 for VPLS a
612
VPLS and Transparent Bridging Overview
612
Table 111: VPLS Forwarding Table on PE 2 for VPLS B
613
Modifying Subscriber Policies
614
Table 112: Default Subscriber Policies for VPLS Network Interfaces
614
BGP Signaling for VPLS Overview
615
Considerations for VPLS Network Interfaces
615
Table 113: Commands to Configure Subscriber Policies
615
LDP Signaling for VPLS Overview
616
Targeted Sessions
616
BGP Multihoming for VPLS Overview
617
Pwid FEC Element TLV
617
Designated VE Device Selection for a Multihomed Site
619
Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network
621
VPLS Supported Features
621
Module Requirements
622
VPLS Platform Considerations
622
Interface Specifiers
623
VPLS References
623
Configuring VPLS
625
Default Subscriber Policies
613
Network Interface Types
613
Subscriber Policies for VPLS Network Interfaces Overview
613
Default Chapter
9
Table of Contents
9
About the Documentation
33
Audience
33
E Series and Junose Documentation and Release Notes
33
E Series and Junose Text and Syntax Conventions
33
Table 1: Notice Icons
34
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions
34
Table 3: Conventions for BGP Terms
40
Autonomous Systems
41
BGP Peers and Neighbors
41
BGP Session
41
BGP Speaker
41
Figure 1: BGP Peers
41
Figure 2: Internal and External BGP
42
IBGP and EBGP
42
BGP Messages
43
Figure 3: Interior Gateway Protocols
43
Interior Gateway Protocols
43
Table 4: Cease Notification Message Subcodes
44
Figure 4: Routing Without CIDR
46
Figure 5: Routing with CIDR
47
Path Attributes
47
Figure 6: Transit Service
48
Transit and Nontransit Service
48
Exchange of Ipv6 Routing Information over TCP Ipv4
49
Figure 7: Nontransit Service
49
Figure 8: Ipv6 Routing over TCP Ipv4
49
Ipv6 BGP Support
49
Exchange of Ipv6 Routing Information over TCP Ipv6
50
Figure 9: Ipv6 Routing over TCP Ipv6
50
Link-Local Next Hops in MP-BGP Packets
50
Platform Considerations
50
References
51
Features
52
Basic Configuration
53
Before You Configure BGP
53
Configuration Tasks
53
Enabling BGP Routing
54
Understanding BGP Command Scope
54
BGP Route
45
Prefixes and CIDR
45
Routing Information Base
45
About the Documentation
35
Documentation Feedback
35
Obtaining Documentation
35
Requesting Technical Support
35
Opening a Case with JTAC
36
Self-Help Online Tools and Resources
36
Border Gateway Protocol
37
Configuring BGP Routing
37
Configuring BGP Routing
39
Conventions in this Chapter
39
Overview
39
Table 5: Commands Affecting BGP Globally
55
Table 6: Commands Affecting All Address Families in a VRF
55
Table 7: Commands Affecting the Current Address Family
55
Table 8: Commands Affecting All Address Families for the Specified Peer or
56
Inheritance of Configuration Values
57
Peer Group
57
Table 9: Commands Affecting Only the Current Address Family for the Specified
57
Table 10: Behavior of Neighbor Commands
58
Table 11: Inheritance from Other Commands
58
Limitations on Inheritance
60
Setting the BGP Identifier
61
Table 12: Commands that Do Not Override Inherited Outbound Policy
61
Configuring Neighbors
62
Figure 10: Configuring Neighbors
62
Configuring BGP Peer Groups
63
Figure 11: BGP Peer Groups
64
Setting the Peer Type
64
Assigning a Description
65
Logging Neighbor State Changes
66
Specifying a Source Address for a BGP Session
66
Table 13: Source Addresses and Default Next Hop Addresses for Various Configurations
67
Specifying Peers that Are Not Directly Connected
68
Figure 12: Using EBGP-Multihop
69
Controlling the Number of Prefixes
70
Specifying a Single-Hop Connection for IBGP Peers
70
Removing Private as Numbers from Updates
71
Checking as Path Length
72
Enabling MD5 Authentication on a TCP Connection
73
Setting Automatic Fallover
74
Setting the Maximum Size of Update Messages
74
Setting Timers
75
Administrative Shutdown
76
Automatic Summarization of Routes
76
Configuring BGP for Overload Conditions
77
Enabling Route Storage in Adj-Ribs-Out Tables
77
Effects of Changing Outbound Policies
78
Configuring the Address Family
79
Configuring Promiscuous Peers and Dynamic Peering
83
Enabling Lenient Behavior
83
Advertising Routes
86
Configuring Passive Peers
86
Figure 13: Prefixes Originating in an as
87
Prefixes Originating in an as
87
Advertising Best Routes
88
Figure 14: Redistributing Routes into BGP
89
Redistributing Routes into BGP
89
Redistributing Routes from BGP
90
Advertising Default Routes
91
Configuring a Default Route
91
Figure 15: Advertising a Default Route
92
Redistributing Default Routes
92
Figure 16: Setting a Static Default Route
93
Setting a Static Default Route
93
Aggregating Routes
94
Setting the Minimum Interval between Routing Updates
94
Figure 17: Configuring Aggregate Addresses
95
Advertising Inactive Routes
97
Verifying an as Path
98
Advertising Ipv4 Routes between Ipv6 BGP Peers
99
Advertising Routes Conditionally
99
Advertising a Route Only When Another Route Is Present
101
Figure 18: Advertising a Route When Another Route Is Present
102
Advertising a Route Only When Another Route Is Absent
103
Figure 19: Advertising a Route When Another Route Is Absent
103
Advertising a Default Route Only When Another Route Is Present
104
Figure 20: Advertising a Default Route When Another Route Is Present
105
Configuring BGP Routing Policy
106
Table 14: Commands that Create Match-And-Set Route Maps
106
Types of BGP Route Maps
106
Table 15: Clauses Supported in BGP Match-And-Set Route Maps
107
Table 16: Commands that Create Match-Only Route Maps
107
Table 17: Clauses Not Supported in BGP Route Maps
107
Table 18: Set Clauses Supported in Route Maps Applied with the Table-Map
116
Access Lists
118
Filtering Prefixes
118
Applying Table Maps
116
Figure 21: Filtering with Access Lists
118
Figure 22: Filtering Routes with an Access List
119
Filtering as Paths with a Filter List
121
Figure 23: Filtering with AS-Path Access Lists
122
Figure 24: Assigning a Filter List
123
Figure 25: Route Map Filtering
125
Configuring the Community Attribute
126
Table 19: Action Based on Well-Known Community Membership
126
Figure 26: Communities
127
Community Lists
129
Figure 27: Community Lists
130
Resetting a BGP Connection
132
Changing Policies Without Disruption
133
Soft Reconfiguration
133
Cooperative Route Filtering
134
Route-Refresh Capability
134
Configuring Route Flap Dampening
135
Global Route Flap Dampening
136
Policy-Based Route Flap Dampening
137
Policy Testing
139
BGP Path Decision Algorithm
140
Selecting the Best Path
140
Configuring Next-Hop Processing
141
Next Hops
141
Figure 28: Configuring Next-Hop Processing
142
Figure 29: Next-Hop Behavior for Broadcast Multiaccess Media
143
Next-Hop-Self
143
Figure 30: Next-Hop Behavior for Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Media
144
Assigning a Weight to a Route
145
Figure 31: Assigning a Weight to a Neighbor Connection
145
Using a Route Map
146
Using an AS-Path Access List
146
Using the Neighbor Weight Command
146
Configuring the Local-Pref Attribute
149
Figure 32: Configuring the Local-Preference Attribute
149
Using the Bgp Default Local-Preference Command
149
Understanding the Origin Attribute
150
Using a Route Map to Set the Local Preference
150
Figure 33: the Origin Attribute
151
Table 20: Origin and as Path for Routes Viewed on Different Routers
152
Understanding the AS-Path Attribute
153
Configuring a Local as
154
Figure 34: AS-Path Attributes
154
Configuring the MED Attribute
155
Figure 35: Configuring the MED
155
Missing MED Values
157
Comparing MED Values Within a Confederation
158
Capability Negotiation
159
Cooperative Route Filtering
160
Dynamic Capability Negotiation
160
Four-Octet as Numbers
160
Graceful Restarts
161
Scenarios
165
Route Refresh
166
Figure 36: Synchronization
167
Interactions between BGP and Igps
167
Synchronizing BGP with Igps
167
Disabling Synchronization
168
Figure 37: Disabling Synchronization
168
Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route
169
Filtering as Paths with a Route Map
124
Table 21: Default Administrative Distances for Route Sources
170
Figure 38: Administrative Distances
171
Figure 39: Administrative Distance and Synchronization
172
Configuring Backdoor Routes
173
Figure 40: Backdoor Route
173
Detecting Peer Reachability with BFD
174
Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Multipaths
174
BFD and BGP Graceful Restart
176
Configuring a Confederation
177
Managing a Large-Scale as
177
Figure 41: a Fully Meshed Autonomous System
178
Figure 42: a Confederation of Subautonomous Systems
179
Configuring Route Reflectors
181
Figure 43: Simple Route Reflection
181
Figure 44: Route Reflection: Logical Redundancy
182
Figure 45: Route Reflection: Physical and Logical Redundancy
182
Route Reflection and Looping
182
Route Reflection and Redundancy
182
Table 22: Show Bgp Summary Output Fields
195
Table 23: Show Ip Bgp Output Fields
196
Monitoring AS-Path Access Lists
198
Monitoring the BGP Routing Table
198
Table 24: Show Ip As-Path-Access-List Output Fields
198
Table 25: Show Ip Bgp Output Fields
202
Monitoring Advertised BGP Routes
203
Table 26: Show Ip Bgp Advertised-Routes Output Fields
204
Monitoring BGP Aggregate Addresses
205
Table 27: Show Bgp Ipv6 Aggregate-Address Output Fields
205
Monitoring BGP Routes with Nonnatural Network Masks
206
Table 28: Show Ip Bgp Cidr-Only Output Fields
206
Monitoring BGP Routes in a Community
207
Table 29: Show Ip Bgp Community Output Fields
208
Monitoring BGP Community Routes in the Community List
209
Table 30: Show Ip Bgp Community-List Output Fields
209
Monitoring Dampened BGP Routes
210
Table 31: Show Ip Bgp Dampened-Paths Output Fields
211
Monitoring BGP Routes with Matching as Paths and AS-Path Access Lists
212
Table 32: Show Ip Bgp Filter-List Output Fields
212
Monitoring BGP Flap Statistics
213
Monitoring BGP Routes with Inconsistent as Paths
214
Table 33: Show Ip Bgp Flap-Statistics Output Fields
214
Table 34: Show Ip Bgp Inconsistent-As Output Fields
215
Monitoring BGP Neighbors
216
Table 35: Show Ip Bgp Neighbors Output Fields
218
Monitoring Dampened BGP Routes of Specified Neighbors
221
Table 36: Show Ip Bgp Neighbors Dampened-Routes Output Fields
222
Monitoring BGP Paths of Neighbors
223
Neighbor
223
Table 37: Show Ip Bgp Neighbors Paths Output Fields
223
Inbound Policy
224
Monitoring Routes Originating from a BGP Neighbor before Application of
224
Table 38: Show Ip Bgp Neighbors Received Prefix-Filter
224
Table 39: Show Ip Bgp Neighbors Received-Routes Output Fields
224
Policy
225
Table 40: Show Bgp Ipv6 Neighbors Routes Output Fields
226
Monitoring Networks in an Autonomous System
227
Table 41: Show Bgp Ipv6 Network Output Fields
227
Monitoring BGP Next Hops
228
Table 42: Show Ip Bgp Next-Hops Output Fields
228
Monitoring BGP Paths
229
Monitoring BGP Peer Groups
229
Table 43: Show Bgp Ipv6 Paths Output Fields
229
Table 44: Show Ip Bgp Peer-Group Output Fields
230
Monitoring BGP Routes with Matching AS-Paths and Regular Expressions for Single Regular Expressions
232
Table 45: Show Ip Bgp Quote-Regexp Output Fields
233
Monitoring BGP Routes with Matching AS-Paths and Regular Expressions for Multiple Regular Expressions
234
Table 46: Show Ip Bgp Regexp Output Fields
235
Monitoring the Status of All BGP Neighbors
236
Table 47: Show Bgp Ipv6 Summary Output Fields
237
Monitoring All Routes in a BGP Community List
240
Disabling Display of BGP Logs
241
Table 48: Show Ip Community-List Output Fields
241
Multiprotocol Layer Switching
243
MPLS Overview
245
Figure 46: BGP Route Reflection
184
Configuring BGP Multicasting
186
Peer or Peer Group
187
Monitoring BGP Multicast Services
189
Using BGP Routes for Other Protocols
189
Configuring BGP/MPLS Vpns
190
Testing BGP Policies
190
Monitoring BGP
193
Enabling Display of BGP Logs
194
Setting a Baseline on All BGP Statistics
194
Neighbors
195
Setting the Default BGP Routing Table Output Fields
195
Chapter 12 Configuring VPLS
625
Configuring VPLS Instances with BGP Signaling
626
Configuring VPLS with BGP Signaling on a PE Router
626
Table 114: Commands to Configure Basic VPLS Instances
626
Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPLS
628
Configuring Optional Attributes for VPLS Instances
629
Configuring VPLS Network Interfaces
630
Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for VPLS
631
Configuring BGP Signaling for VPLS
632
Configuring MPLS Lsps for VPLS
632
Table 115: Commands to Configure BGP Signaling for VPLS
633
Figure 129: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with BGP Signaling
635
Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router)
636
Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router)
637
Configuring VPLS with LDP Signaling on a PE Router
638
Configuring VPLS Instances with LDP Signaling
639
Configuring LDP Signaling for VPLS
640
Configuring Routing in the Core Network for VPLS
640
Table 116: Commands to Configure LDP Signaling for VPLS
640
Example: Configuring VPLS LDP Signaling
641
Table 117: Commands to Configure OSPF for a VPLS Network
641
Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router)
642
Figure 130: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with LDP Signaling
642
Topology Overview of VPLS with LDP Signaling
642
Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router)
643
Monitoring VPLS
645
Setting the Baseline for VPLS Statistics
645
Clearing Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding Table
646
Instance
646
Setting a Baseline for a VPLS Instance
646
VPLS Instance
646
Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for a Network Interface Associated with a VPLS Instance
647
Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for the VPLS Virtual Core Interface Associated with a VPLS Instance
647
Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding Table
647
Table
647
Clearing BGP Attributes for VPLS
648
Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address Family
648
Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address
648
Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the VPWS Address
648
Clearing the Wait for End-Of-RIB Marker for the L2VPN Address Family
648
Family
648
Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for a Specific VPLS Instance
649
Table 118: Show Bridge Output Fields
649
Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for All VPLS Instances
650
Table 119: Show Bridge Groups Details Output Fields
651
Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Network Interfaces
652
Table 120: Show Bridge Interface Output Fields
654
Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Core Interfaces
655
Table 121: Show Bridge Interface Output Fields
655
Table 122: Show Bridge Interface Vpls Output Fields
656
Table 123: Show Bridge Port Output Fields
658
Monitoring MAC Address Entries for a Specific VPLS Instance
660
Table 124: Show Bridge Port Brief Output Fields
660
Table 126: Show Subscriber-Policy Output Fields
662
Table 127: Show Ip Bgp L2Vpn Output Fields
664
Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPLS
665
Table 128: Show Ip Bgp Next-Hops Output Fields
665
Monitoring LDP-Related Settings for VPLS
666
Table 129: Show Ldp Vpls Output Fields
666
Monitoring MPLS-Related Settings for VPLS
667
Table 130: Show Mpls Forwarding Output Fields
667
Monitoring VPLS-Specific Settings
668
Table 131: Show Vpls Connections Output Fields
670
Virtual Private Wire Service
673
VPWS Overview
675
Figure 131: VPWS Sample Topology
676
BGP Signaling for L2Vpns Overview
677
Table 132: Components of VPWS NLRI
677
Figure 132: VPWS Components
678
VPWS Components Overview
678
Customer Edge Devices
679
VPWS Instances
679
Example: Configuring VPLS with BGP Signaling
634
Topology Overview of VPLS with BGP Signaling
635
Table 125: Show Bridge Table Output Fields
660
Monitoring Subscriber Policy Rules
661
Monitoring Layer2 NLRI for VPLS Instances
662
Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Ports
657
VPWS Provider Edge Devices
679
VPWS and BGP/MPLS Vpns Overview
679
BGP Multihoming for VPWS Overview
680
Designated VE Device Selection for a Multihomed Site
682
Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network
684
Module Requirements
685
VPWS Platform Considerations
685
VPWS Supported Features
685
Interface Specifiers
686
VPWS References
686
Configuring VPWS
687
Configuring VPWS on a PE Router
687
Configuring an VPWS Instance
688
Table 133: Commands to Configure Basic VPWS Instances
688
Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPWS
689
Configuring Customer-Facing Interfaces in the VPWS Instance
690
Types of Interfaces to Configure in the VPWS Instance
690
Configuring a Local Cross-Connect for VPWS
691
Figure 133: VPWS Cross-Connects
691
Local Cross-Connects for VPWS Overview
691
BGP Loopback Interface and Router ID Overview
692
BGP Signaling for VPWS Overview
692
Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for BGP for VPWS
692
Table 134: Commands to Configure BGP Signaling for VPWS
692
Configuring BGP Signaling for VPWS
693
Configuring MPLS Lsps for VPWS
694
MPLS Lsps for VPWS Overview
694
Example: Configuring VPWS on Local and Remote Routers
695
Figure 134: Topology for VPWS Configuration Example
695
Topology Overview
695
Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router)
696
Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router)
697
Clearing BGP Attributes for VPWS
699
Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address Family
699
Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address
699
Monitoring VPWS
699
Family
700
Monitoring BGP-Related Settings for VPWS L2VPNS
700
Table 135: Commands for Monitoring BGP Settings for the VPWS Address
701
Table 137: Show Ip Bgp L2Vpn Output Fields
703
Table 138: Show Ip Bgp L2Vpn All Next-Hops Output Fields
705
Monitoring VPWS Connections
706
Table 139: Show L2Vpn Connections Output Fields
708
Monitoring VPWS Instances
709
Table 140: Show L2Vpn Instance Output Fields
710
Monitoring L2VPN Interfaces for VPWS
711
Table 141: Show L2Vpn Interface Output Fields
712
Monitoring MPLS Forwarding Table for VPWS
713
Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPWS L2VPNS
705
Table 142: Show Mpls Forwarding Output Fields
714
Chapter 2 Monitoring BGP
719
Chapter 8 Layer2Servicesovermplsoverview
719
Chapter 7 Monitoringbgp/Mplsvpns
719
Chapter 6 Configuringbgp-Mplsapplications
719
Chapter 5 Monitoringmpls
719
Chapter 4 Configuringmpls
719
Chapter 15 Configuringvpws
719
Chapter 16 Monitoringvpws
719
Index
719
Chapter 14 VPWS Overview
719
Chapter 13 Monitoring VPLS
719
Chapter 11 VPLS Overview
719
Chapter 10 Monitoringlayer2Servicesovermpls
719
Chapter 1 Configuringbgprouting
719
Chapter 9 Configuringlayer2Servicesovermpls
719
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