FORE Systems ES-2810 Ethernet Switch User's Manual
Glossary - 13
Glossary
Glossary
End System (ES) - a system where an ATM connection is terminated or initiated (an originat-
ing end system initiates the connection; a terminating end system terminates the connection).
End System Identifier (ESI) - This identifier distinguishes multiple nodes at the same level in
case the lower level peer group is partitioned.
End-to-End Connection - when used in reference to an ATM network, a connection that travels
through an ATM network, passing through various ATM devices and with endpoints at the
termination of the ATM network.
Enterprise - Terminology generally referring to customers with multiple, non-contiguous geo-
graphic locations.
Equalization (EQL) - the process of compensating for line distortions.
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) - A PROM which may be erased and
rewritten to perform new or different functions (normally done with a PROM burner).
Errored Second (ES) - a second during which at least one code violation occurred.
Ethernet - a 10-Mbps, coaxial standard for LANs in which all nodes connect to the cable where
they contend for access.
Excessive Zeroes (EXZ) Error Event - An Excessive Zeroes error event for an AMI-coded signal
is the occurrence of more than fifteen contiguous zeroes. For a B8ZS coded signal, the defect
occurs when more than seven contiguous zeroes are detected.
Explicit Forward Congestion Indication (EFCI) - the second bit of the payload type field in the
header of an ATM cell, the EFCI bit indicates network congestion to receiving hosts. On a con-
gested switch, the EFCI bit is set to “1” by the transmitting network module when a certain
number of cells have accumulated in the network module's shared memory buffer. When a
cell is received that has its EFCI bit set to “1,” the receiving host notifies the sending host,
which should then reduce its transmission rate.
Explicit Rate (ER) - The Explicit Rate is an RM-cell field used to limit the source ACR to a spe-
cific value. It is initially set by the source to a requested rate (such as PCR). It may be subse-
quently reduced by any network element in the path to a value that the element can sustain.
ER is formatted as a rate.
Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) - bus architecture for desktop computers that
provides a 32-bit data passage and maintains compatibility with the ISA or AT architecture.
Extended Super Frame (ESF) - a T1 framing format that utilizes the 193rd bit as a framing bit,
but whose Superframe is made up of 24 frames instead of 12 as in D4 format. ESF also pro-
vides CRC error detection and maintenance data link functions.
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - used by gateways in an internet, connecting autonomous
networks.
Fairness - related to Generic Flow Control, fairness is defined as meeting all of the agreed
quality of service requirements by controlling the order of service for all active connections.
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