was shadowing caused by adjacent skeletal structures. Overcoming the limb
deficit artifact can be accomplished by changing the transducer position and the
acquisition plane.
Pseudoclefting and pseudonarrowing artifacts may be related to limb
deficit artifacts. Artifacts may be present in 3D imaging of the fetal face. Being
aware of pseudoclefting of the fetal face and pseudonarrowing of the fetal spine
can help the sonographer understand and identify these artifacts. As with 2D
imaging, it is important to verify putative physical defects by using additional
images and other modalities.
Dropout and shadowing are present in 3D imaging although they are more
difficult to recognize due to different and unfamiliar displays. Acoustic shadowing
and other artifacts look very different when displayed in 3D volumes and may
be more difficult to recognize than on standard 2D imaging. Those artifacts may
produce apparent defects, such as limb abnormalities or facial clefts, where they
are not present. Acquiring data from multiple orientations may avoid artifacts
of this type.
Color and Color Power Angio artifacts relating to gain may also be confusing
in rendered images.
Motion artifacts in 3D volumes can be caused by patient motion, fetal
movement, cardiac motion, and movement of adjacent structures. Patient motion
can produce flash artifacts that are more obvious in 3D images than in 2D imaging.
Transducer Covers
To prevent blood-borne pathogens, sterile transducer covers are required for
intraoperative and biopsy procedures; in China, sterile covers are also required
for transrectal, intravaginal, and transesophageal procedures. Protective covers
are recommended for transrectal, intravaginal, and transesophageal procedures;
the protective covers are mandatory in China and Japan. Philips recommends
the use of qualified covers.
For procedures for using transducer covers, see the instructions provided with
the covers.
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iU22 User Manual
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8
Transducers
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