8 - 4
◆ Hypotension
◆ Darkly pigmented skin
◆ Shock
◆ Severe vasoconstriction
◆ Hypothermia
◆ Severe anemia
◆ Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)
◆ Venous pulsations
◆ Poor perfusion
◆ Dysfunctional hemoglobin, such as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and
methemoglobin (MetHb)
◆ Elevated levels of bilirubin
◆ Vasospastic disease, such as Raynaud’s, and peripheral vascular disease
◆ Hemoglobinopathies and synthesis disorders such as thalassemias, Hb s, Hb
c, sickle cell, etc.
◆ Hypocapnic or hypercapnic conditions
◆ Birthmark(s), tattoos, skin discolorations, moisture on skin, deformed or
abnormal fingers. etc.
■ Interfering substances:
◆ Intravascular dyes (such as indocyanine green, methylene blue, indigo
carmine, etc.)
◆ Dyes in the measure site, such as nail polish.
■ Environmental conditions:
◆ Excessive ambient light
◆ Electrosurgery equipment
◆ Defibrillation (may cause inaccurate reading for a short amount of time)
◆ Excessive patient/sensor motion
◆ Electromagnetic field
◆ Arterial catheters and intra-aortic balloon
■ Others
◆ Inappropriate positioning of the SpO
2
sensor, or use of incorrect SpO
2
sensor
◆ Cuff or arterial blood pressure measurement device on the same limb as the
SpO
2
sensor.
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