GE P24DM - Application Notes; Busbar Blocking Scheme; Figure 68: Blocked Earth Fault Logic; Figure 69: Simple Busbar Blocking Scheme

To Next Page

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Remove IN> Start

Enabled

CB Fail Alarm

Disabled

IN1>1 Start

IN1>2 Start

IN1>3 Start

IN1>4 Start

IN2>1 Start

IN2>2 Start

1 IN/SEF>Blk Start

V00649

IN2>3 Start

IN2>4 Start

ISEF>1 Start

ISEF>2 Start

ISEF>3 Start

ISEF>4 Start

Figure 68: Blocked Earth Fault logic

The IN/SEF>Blk S

tart signal is derived from the logical OR of the phase overcurrent start outputs. This output is

then gated with the CB Fail Alarm DDB signal and the Remove IN> Start setting.

12.4 APPLICATION NOTES

12.4.1 BUSBAR BLOCKING SCHEME

E00636

IED

Incomer

Block highset element

CB fail backtrip

Feeder 4

Feeder 3

Feeder 2

Feeder 1

O/P

from

start

contact

fail

backtrip

Figure 69: Simple busbar blocking scheme

Chapter 6 - Current Protection Functions P24xM

144 P24xM-TM-EN-2.1

Main Page

default chapter3
- Table of Contents3
Chapter 1 Introduction25
- Figure 135: TCS Scheme25
- Rear Serial Port26
- Figure 137: TCS Scheme26
- Chapter Overview27
- Cip27
- Foreword28
- Target Audience28
- Typographical Conventions28
- Cip28
- Figure 142: PSL for TCS Scheme28
- Nomenclature29
- Compliance29
- Cip29
- Product Scope30
- Ordering Options30
- Cip30
- Features and Functions31
- Protection Functions31
- Control Functions32
- Measurement Functions32
- Communication Functions33
- Logic Diagrams34
- Figure 1: Key to Logic Diagrams35
- Functional Overview36
- Figure 2: Functional Overview (P24DM)36
Chapter 2 Safety Information37
- Chapter Overview39
- Health and Safety40
- Symbols41
- Installation, Commissioning and Servicing42
- Lifting Hazards42
- Electrical Hazards42
- UL/CSA/CUL Requirements43
- Fusing Requirements43
- Equipment Connections44
- Protection Class 1 Equipment Requirements44
- Pre-Energisation Checklist45
- Peripheral Circuitry45
- Upgrading/Servicing47
- Decommissioning and Disposal48
- Regulatory Compliance49
- EMC Compliance: 2014/30/EU49
- LVD Compliance: 2014/35/EU49
- R&TTE Compliance: 2014/53/EU49
- UL/CUL Compliance49
- ATEX Compliance: 2014/34/EU49
Chapter 3 Hardware Design51
- Chapter Overview53
- Hardware Architecture54
- Memory and Real Time Clock54
- Figure 3: Hardware Design Overview54
- Mechanical Implementation56
- Housing Variants56
- Figure 4: Exploded View of IED56
- 20TE Rear Panel57
- Figure 5: 20TE Rear Panel57
- Figure 6: 30TE Three-MIDOS Block Rear Panel58
- Figure 7: 30TE Two-MIDOS Block + Communications Rear Panel58
- 40TE Rear Panel59
- Figure 8: 30TE Two-MIDOS Block + Blanking Plate59
- Figure 9: 40TE Three-MIDOS Block + Communications Rear Panel59
- Terminal Connections60
- I/O Options60
- Front Panel61
- 20TE Front Panel61
- Figure 10: Front Panel (20TE)61
- 30TE Front Panel62
- Figure 11: Front Panel (30TE)62
- 40TE Front Panel63
- Keypad63
- Figure 12: Front Panel (40TE)63
- Liquid Crystal Display64
- USB Port64
- Fixed Function Leds65
- Function Keys65
- Programable Leds65
Chapter 4 Software Design67
- Chapter Overview69
- Software Design Overview70
- Figure 13: Software Structure70
- System Level Software71
- Real Time Operating System71
- System Services Software71
- Self-Diagnostic Software71
- Startup Self-Testing71
- System Boot71
- System Level Software Initialisation72
- Platform Software Initialisation and Monitoring72
- Continuous Self-Testing72
- Platform Software73
- Record Logging73
- Settings Database73
- Interfaces73
- Protection and Control Functions74
- Acquisition of Samples74
- Frequency Tracking74
- Fourier Signal Processing74
- Programmable Scheme Logic75
- Event Recording75
- Figure 14: Frequency Response (Indicative Only)75
- Disturbance Recorder76
- Function Key Interface76
Chapter 5 Configuration77
- Chapter Overview79
- Settings Application Software80
- Using the HMI Panel81
- Navigating the HMI Panel82
- Getting Started82
- Figure 15: Navigating the HMI82
- Default Display83
- Default Display Navigation84
- Figure 16: Default Display Navigation84
- Password Entry85
- Processing Alarms and Records86
- Menu Structure86
- Changing the Settings87
- Direct Access (the Hotkey Menu)88
- Setting Group Selection Using Hotkeys88
- Control Inputs89
- Circuit Breaker Control89
- Function Keys90
- Date and Time Configuration92
- Time Zone Compensation92
- Daylight Saving Time Compensation92
- Settings Group Selection93
Chapter 6 Current Protection Functions95
- Chapter Overview97
- Thermal Overload Protection98
- Thermal Replica99
- Thermal Trip100
- Figure 17: Thermal Overload Protection Logic Diagram101
- Figure 18: Cooling Time Constant101
- User Programmable Curve for Thermal Overload Protection102
- Application Notes102
- Thermal Overload Setting Guidelines102
- Figure 19: Example of Settings104
- Figure 20: Thermal Curve Modification106
- Overcurrent Protection Principles108
- IDMT Characteristics108
- IEC 60255 IDMT Curves109
- European Standards111
- Figure 21: IEC 60255 IDMT Curves111
- North American Standards112
- IEC and IEEE Inverse Curves114
- Figure 22: IEC Standard and very Inverse Curves114
- Figure 23: IEC Extremely Inverse and IEEE Moderate Inverse Curves114
- Differences between the North American and European Standards115
- Programmable Curves115
- Principles of Implementation115
- Figure 24: IEEE very and Extremely Inverse Curves115
- Timer Hold Facility116
- Figure 25: Principle of Protection Function Implementation116
- Phase Overcurrent Protection118
- Phase Overcurrent Protection Implementation118
- Non-Directional Overcurrent Logic119
- Figure 26: Non-Directional Overcurrent Logic Diagram119
- Directional Element120
- Figure 27: Directional Trip Angles121
- Directional Overcurrent Logic122
- Application Notes122
- Short Circuit Protection122
- Figure 28: Directional Overcurrent Logic Diagram (Phase a Shown Only)122
- Figure 29: or Logic123
- Figure 30: and Logic123
- Figure 31: Definite Time Overcurrent Element124
- Current Setting Threshold Selection125
- Figure 32: Selecting the Current Threshold Setting125
- Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection126
- Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection Implementation126
- Non-Directional Negative Sequence Overcurrent Logic127
- Directional Element127
- Figure 33: Negative Sequence Overcurrent Logic - Non-Directional Operation127
- Directional Negative Sequence Overcurrent Logic128
- Phase Rotation128
- Figure 34: Negative Sequence Overcurrent Logic - Directional Operation128
- Application Notes129
- Negative Sequence Protection129
- Figure 35: Equivalent Circuits129
- Earth Fault Protection133
- Earth Fault Protection Elements133
- Non-Directional Earth Fault Logic134
- IDG Curve134
- Directional Element135
- Residual Voltage Polarisation135
- Figure 36: IDG Characteristic135
- Figure 37: Directional Angles136
- Negative Sequence Polarisation137
- Figure 38: Directional EF Logic with Neutral Voltage Polarization (Single Stage)137
- Application Notes138
- Setting Guidelines (Directional Element)138
- Figure 39: Directional Angles138
- Figure 40: *Directional Earth Fault Logic with Negative Sequence Polarisation (Single Stage)138
- Peterson Coil Earthed Systems139
- Figure 41: Current Level (Amps) at Which Transient Faults Are Self-Extinguishing139
- Figure 42: Earth Fault in Petersen Coil Earthed System140
- Figure 43: Distribution of Currents During a Phase C Fault140
- Figure 44: Phasors for a Phase C Earth Fault in a Petersen Coil Earthed System141
- Figure 45: Zero Sequence Network Showing Residual Currents141
- Setting Guidelines (Compensated Networks)142
- Figure 46: Phase C Earth Fault in Petersen Coil Earthed System: Practical Case with Resistance142
- Solidly Earthed System143
- Insulated System144
- Figure 47: Fuse Characteristic144
- Figure 48: Current Distribution in an Insulated System with C Phase Fault145
- Figure 49: Phasor Diagrams for Insulated System with C Phase Fault146
- Resistance Earthed Systems147
- High Resistance Earthing147
- Petersen Coil Earthed Systems148
- Figure 50: Directional Tripping Characteristic148
- Figure 51: Current Distribution in Petersen Coil Earthed System149
- Figure 52: Distribution of Currents During a C Phase to Earth Fault150
- Figure 53: Theoretical Case - no Resistance Present in XL or XC150
- Figure 54: Zero Sequence Network Showing Residual Currents151
- Figure 55: Practical Case:- Resistance Present in XL and XC152
- Operation of Sensitive Earth Fault Element153
- Sensitive Earth Fault Protection154
- SEF Protection Implementation154
- Non-Directional SEF Logic154
- Figure 56: Non-Directional SEF Logic154
- EPATR B Curve155
- Directional Element155
- Figure 57: EPATR B Characteristic Shown for TMS = 1.0155
- Wattmetric Characteristic156
- Figure 58: Resistive Components of Spill Current156
- Icos Phi / Isin Phi Characteristic157
- Figure 59: Operating Characteristic for Icos157
- Directional SEF Logic158
- Figure 60: Directional SEF with VN Polarisation (Single Stage)158
- Application Notes159
- Insulated Systems159
- Figure 61: Current Distribution in an Insulated System with C Phase Fault159
- Setting Guidelines (Insulated Systems)160
- Figure 62: Phasor Diagrams for Insulated System with C Phase Fault160
- Figure 63: Positioning of Core Balance Current Transformers161
- Cold Load Pickup162
- Implementation162
- CLP Logic163
- Application Notes163
- CLP for Resistive Loads163
- CLP for Motor Feeders163
- Figure 64: Cold Load Pickup Logic163
- CLP for Switch Onto Fault Conditions164
- Selective Logic165
- Selective Logic Implementation165
- Selective Logic Diagram165
- Figure 65: Selective Logic165
- Timer Setting Selection166
- Figure 66: Selecting the Timer Settings166
- Blocked Overcurrent Protection167
- Blocked Overcurrent Implementation167
- Blocked Overcurrent Logic167
- Blocked Earth Fault Logic167
- Figure 67: Blocked Overcurrent Logic167
- Application Notes168
- Busbar Blocking Scheme168
- Figure 68: Blocked Earth Fault Logic168
- Figure 69: Simple Busbar Blocking Scheme168
- Figure 70: Simple Busbar Blocking Scheme Characteristics169
- Second Harmonic Blocking170
- Second Harmonic Blocking Implementation170
- Second Harmonic Blocking Logic (POC Input)171
- Application Notes171
- Setting Guidelines171
- Figure 71: 2Nd Harmonic Blocking Logic (POC Input)171
- Stall Protection172
- Prolonged Start172
- Figure 72: Start Successful172
- Locked Rotor During Starting - (Stall Time < Start Time)173
- Figure 73: Locked Rotor Detection173
- Stall During Running174
- Momentary Reduction in System Voltage During Running174
- Reacceleration after a Reduction in System Voltage174
- Figure 74: Reacceleration Detection174
- Low Voltage Ride through Authorization175
- Figure 75: Adjustable Reacceleration Authorization - Voltage Restored Within the Set Time175
- Auto Re-Start Authorization Restoration Sequence176
- Figure 76: Adjustable Reacceleration Authorization - Voltage Restored after the Set Time176
- Figure 77: Automatic Restart Authorized- Voltage Restored Within the Set Time177
- Application Notes178
- Start/Stall Protection178
- Figure 78: Automatic Restart Failed- Voltage Restored after the Set Time178
- Excessive Start Time/Locked Rotor Protection - Stall Time > Start Time179
- Stall Protection (Stall While Running)179
- Excessive Start Time/Locked Rotor Protection - Stall Time < Start Time180
- Momentary Reduction in System Voltage During Running of the Motor180
- Low Voltage Protection (Reacceleration Authorization)181
- AUTO RE-START Authorization181
- Number of Starts182
- Figure 79: Start Inhibition Example 1183
- Time between Starts184
- Figure 80: Start Inhibition Example 2184
- Number of Starts Limitation185
- Figure 81: Time between Starts185
- Anti-Backspin Protection186
- Application Notes187
- Anti-Backspin Protection187
Chapter 7 Restricted Earth Fault Protection189
- Chapter Overview191
- REF Protection Principles192
- Figure 83: REF Protection for Delta Connected Winding192
- Figure 84: REF Protection for Star Connected Winding192
- Restricted Earth Fault Types193
- Low Impedance Bias Characteristic193
- High Impedance REF Principle194
- Figure 85: Three-Slope REF Bias Characteristic194
- Figure 86: High Impedance REF Principle194
- Figure 87: High Impedance REF Connection195
- Restricted Earth Fault Protection Implementation196
- Restricted Earth Fault Protection Settings196
- Low Impedance REF196
- Setting the Bias Characteristic196
- Figure 88: REF Bias Characteristic196
- Delayed Bias197
- High Impedance REF197
- High Impedance REF Calculation Principles197
- Application Notes199
- Low Impedance REF Protection Application199
- Setting Guidelines for Biased Operation199
- Low Impedance REF Scaling Factor199
- Figure 89: Low Impedance REF Scaling Factor199
- High Impedance REF Protection Application200
- Setting Guidelines for High Impedance Operation200
Chapter 8 CB Fail Protection201
- Chapter Overview203
- Circuit Breaker Fail Protection204
- Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation205
- Circuit Breaker Fail Timers205
- Zero Crossing Detection205
- Circuit Breaker Fail Logic207
- Figure 90: Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Three Phase Start207
- Figure 91: Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Single Phase Start208
- Figure 92: Circuit Breaker Fail Trip and Alarm208
- Undercurrent and ZCD Logic for CB Fail209
- Figure 93: Undercurrent and Zero Crossing Detection Logic for CB Fail209
- CB Fail SEF Protection Logic210
- Figure 94: CB Fail SEF Protection Logic210
- CB Fail Non Current Protection Logic211
- Figure 95: CB Fail Non Current Protection Logic211
- Circuit Breaker Mapping212
- Figure 96: Circuit Breaker Mapping212
- Application Notes213
- Reset Mechanisms for CB Fail Timers213
- Setting Guidelines (CB Fail Timer)213
- Setting Guidelines (Undercurrent)214
- Figure 97: CB Fail Timing214
Chapter 9 Current Transformer Requirements215
- Chapter Overview217
- CT Requirements218
- Phase Overcurrent Protection218
- Directional Elements218
- Non-Directional Elements219
- Earth Fault Protection219
- Directional Elements219
- SEF Protection (Residually Connected)219
- Non-Directional Elements220
- SEF Protection (Core-Balanced CT)220
- Low Impedance REF Protection220
- High Impedance REF Protection221
- Use of Metrosil Non-Linear Resistors221
- Use of ANSI C-Class Cts223
Chapter 10 Voltage Protection Functions225
- Chapter Overview227
- Undervoltage Protection228
- Undervoltage Protection Implementation228
- Undervoltage Protection Logic229
- Figure 98: Undervoltage - Single and Three Phase Tripping Mode (Single Stage)229
- Application Notes230
- Undervoltage Protection230
- Overvoltage Protection231
- Overvoltage Protection Implementation231
- Overvoltage Protection Logic232
- Figure 99: Overvoltage - Single and Three Phase Tripping Mode (Single Stage)232
- Application Notes233
- Overvoltage Setting Guidelines233
- Residual Overvoltage Protection234
- Residual Overvoltage Protection Implementation234
- Residual Overvoltage Logic235
- Application Notes235
- Calculation for Solidly Earthed Systems235
- Figure 100: Residual Overvoltage Logic235
- Calculation for Impedance Earthed Systems236
- Figure 101: Residual Voltage for a Solidly Earthed System236
- Setting Guidelines237
- Figure 102: Residual Voltage for an Impedance Earthed System237
- Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection238
- Negative Sequence Overvoltage Implementation238
- Negative Sequence Overvoltage Logic238
- Application Notes238
- Setting Guidelines238
- Figure 103: Negative Sequence Overvoltage Logic238
- Positive Sequence Undervoltage Protection240
- Positive Sequence Undervoltage Implementation240
- Positive Sequence Undervoltage Logic240
- Figure 104: Positive Sequence Undervoltage Logic240
- Positive Sequence Overvoltage Protection241
- Positive Sequence Overvoltage Implementation241
- Positive Sequence Overvoltage Logic241
- Figure 105: Positive Sequence Overvoltage Logic241
- Moving Average Voltage Functions242
- Moving Average Undervoltage Logic242
- Figure 106: Moving Average Undervoltage Logic242
- Moving Average Overvoltage Logic243
- Moving Average Zero Sequence Voltage Logic243
- Figure 107: Moving Average Overvoltage Logic243
- Figure 108: Moving Average Zero Sequence Voltage Logic243
- Moving Average Positive Sequence Voltage Logic244
- Moving Average Negative Sequence Voltage Logic244
- Moving Average Undervoltage Blocking PSL244
- Figure 109: Moving Average Positive Sequence Voltage Logic244
- Figure 110: Moving Average Negative Sequence Voltage Logic244
- Figure 111: Average Voltage Protection Blocking244
Chapter 11 Frequency Protection Functions245
- Chapter Overview247
- Frequency Protection Overview248
- Frequency Protection Implementation248
- Underfrequency Protection249
- Underfrequency Protection Implementation249
- Underfrequency Protection Logic249
- Application Notes249
- Setting Guidelines249
- Figure 112: Underfrequency Logic (Single Stage)249
- Overfrequency Protection251
- Overfrequency Protection Implementation251
- Overfrequency Protection Logic251
- Application Notes251
- Setting Guidelines251
- Figure 113: Overfrequency Logic (Single Stage)251
- Figure 114: Power System Segregation Based Upon Frequency Measurements252
- Independent R.O.C.O.F Protection253
- Indepenent R.O.C.O.F Protection Implementation253
- Independent R.O.C.O.F Protection Logic253
- Figure 115: Independent Rate of Change of Frequency Logic (Single Stage)253
- Application Notes254
- Setting Guidelines254
- Frequency-Supervised R.O.C.O.F Protection255
- Frequency-Supervised R.O.C.O.F Implementation255
- Frequency-Supervised R.O.C.O.F Logic256
- Application Notes256
- Frequency-Supervised R.O.C.O.F Example256
- Figure 116: Frequency-Supervised Rate of Change of Frequency Logic (Single Stage)256
- Setting Guidelines257
- Figure 117: Frequency Supervised Rate of Change of Frequency Protection257
- Average Rate of Change of Frequency Protection258
- Average R.O.C.O.F Protection Implementation258
- Figure 118: Average Rate of Change of Frequency Characteristic258
- Average R.O.C.O.F Logic259
- Application Notes259
- Setting Guidelines259
- Figure 119: Average Rate of Change of Frequency Logic (Single Stage)259
Chapter 12 Power Protection Functions261
- Chapter Overview263
- Reverse Power Protection264
- Reverse Power Implementation264
Chapter 13 Monitoring and Control265
- Chapter Overview267
- Event Records268
- Event Types268
- Opto-Input Events269
- Contact Events269
- Alarm Events269
- Fault Record Events274
- Security Events274
- Figure 120: Fault Recorder Stop Conditions274
- Maintenance Events275
- Protection Events275
- Platform Events275
- Disturbance Recorder276
- Measurements277
- Measured Quantities277
- Measured and Calculated Currents277
- Measured and Calculated Voltages277
- Power and Energy Quantities277
- Demand Values278
- Frequency Measurements278
- Other Measurements278
- Measurement Setup278
- Opto-Input Time Stamping279
- CB Condition Monitoring280
- Application Notes280
- Setting the Thresholds for the Total Broken Current280
- Setting the Thresholds for the Number of Operations280
- Setting the Thresholds for the Operating Time281
- Setting the Thresholds for Excesssive Fault Frequency281
- CB State Monitoring282
- CB State Monitoring Logic283
- Figure 121: CB State Monitoring Logic283
- Circuit Breaker Control284
- CB Control Using the IED Menu284
- CB Control Using the Hotkeys285
- CB Control Using the Function Keys285
- Figure 122: Hotkey Menu Navigation285
- CB Control Using the Opto-Inputs286
- Remote CB Control286
- Figure 123: Default Function Key PSL286
- CB Healthy Check287
- Figure 124: Remote Control of Circuit Breaker287
- CB Control Logic288
- Figure 125: CB Control Logic288
- Pole Dead Function289
- Pole Dead Logic289
- Figure 126: Pole Dead Logic289
- System Checks290
- System Checks Implementation290
- VT Connections290
- Voltage Monitoring290
- Switch Status and Control291
- Figure 127: Representation of Typical Feeder Bay291
- Switch Status Logic292
- Figure 128: Switch Status Logic292
- Switch Control Logic293
- Figure 129: Switch Control Logic293
Chapter 14 Supervision295
- Chapter Overview297
- DC Supply Monitor298
- DC Supply Monitor Implementation298
- Figure 130: DC Supply Monitor Zones298
- DC Supply Monitor Logic299
- Figure 131: DC Supply Monitor Logic299
- Voltage Transformer Supervision300
- Loss of One or Two Phase Voltages300
- Loss of All Three Phase Voltages300
- Absence of All Three Phase Voltages on Line Energisation300
- VTS Implementation301
- VTS Logic301
- Figure 132: VTS Logic302
- VTS Acceleration Indication Logic303
- Figure 133: VTS Acceleration Indication Logic303
- Current Transformer Supervision304
- CTS Implementation304
- CTS Logic304
- Figure 134: CTS Logic Diagram304
- Application Notes305
- Setting Guidelines305
- Trip Circuit Supervision306
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme306
- Resistor Values306
- Psl for Tcs Scheme 1307
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme307
- Resistor Values308
- Psl for Tcs Scheme 2308
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 3309
- Resistor Values309
- Figure 139: TCS Scheme 3309
- Psl for Tcs Scheme 3310
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme310
- Figure 140310
- Figure 141: TCS Scheme 4310
- Resistor Values311
- Figure 136: PSL for TCS Scheme311
- Figure 138: PSL for TCS Scheme311
Chapter 15 Digital I/O and PSL Configuration313
- Chapter Overview315
- Configuring Digital Inputs and Outputs316
- Scheme Logic317
- Figure 143: Scheme Logic Interfaces317
- PSL Editor318
- PSL Schemes318
- PSL Scheme Version Control318
- Configuring the Opto-Inputs319
- Assigning the Output Relays320
- Fixed Function Leds321
- Trip LED Logic321
- Figure 144: Trip LED Logic321
- Configuring Programmable Leds322
- Function Keys324
- Control Inputs325
- Inter-PSL Inputs and Outputs326
Chapter 16 Communications327
- Chapter Overview329
- Communication Interfaces330
- Serial Communication331
- Universal Serial Bus331
- EIA(RS)485 Bus331
- EIA(RS)485 Biasing Requirements332
- K-Bus332
- Figure 145: RS485 Biasing Circuit332
- Figure 146: Remote Communication Using K-Bus333
- Standard Ethernet Communication334
- Redundant Ethernet Communication335
- Supported Protocols335
- Parallel Redundancy Protocol335
- High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)336
- HSR Multicast Topology336
- Figure 147: IED Attached to Separate Lans336
- HSR Unicast Topology337
- Figure 148: HSR Multicast Topology337
- HSR Application in the Substation338
- Figure 149: HSR Unicast Topology338
- Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol339
- Figure 150: HSR Application in the Substation339
- Figure 151: IED Attached to Redundant Ethernet Star or Ring Circuit339
- Configuring IP Address340
- Data Protocols341
- Courier341
- Physical Connection and Link Layer341
- Courier Database341
- Settings Categories342
- Setting Changes342
- Event Extraction342
- Disturbance Record Extraction344
- Programmable Scheme Logic Settings344
- Time Synchronisation344
- Courier Configuration344
- Physical Connection and Link Layer346
- Initialisation347
- Time Synchronisation347
- Spontaneous Events347
- General Interrogation (GI)347
- Cyclic Measurements347
- Commands347
- Test Mode347
- Disturbance Records348
- Command/Monitor Blocking348
- IEC 60870-5-103 Configuration348
- Dnp349
- Physical Connection and Link Layer349
- Object 1 Binary Inputs350
- Object 10 Binary Outputs350
- Figure 152: Control Input Behaviour350
- Object 20 Binary Counters351
- Object 30 Analogue Input351
- Object 40 Analogue Output351
- Object 50 Time Synchronisation351
- DNP3 Device Profile352
- DNP3 Configuration360
- DNP3 Unsolicited Reporting361
- Modbus361
- Physical Connection and Link Layer361
- MODBUS Functions361
- Response Codes362
- Register Mapping362
- Event Extraction363
- Disturbance Record Extraction364
- Figure 153: Manual Selection of a Disturbance Record366
- Figure 154: Automatic Selection of Disturbance Record - Method 1367
- Figure 155: Automatic Selection of Disturbance Record - Method 2368
- Figure 156: Configuration File Extraction369
- Figure 157: Data File Extraction370
- Setting Changes371
- Password Protection371
- Protection and Disturbance Recorder Settings371
- Time Synchronisation372
- Power and Energy Measurement Data Formats373
- MODBUS Configuration374
- Iec 61850375
- Benefits of IEC 61850375
- IEC 61850 Interoperability376
- The IEC 61850 Data Model376
- Figure 158: Data Model Layers in IEC61850376
- IEC 61850 in Micom Ieds377
- IEC 61850 Data Model Implementation377
- IEC 61850 Communication Services Implementation377
- IEC 61850 Peer-To-Peer (GOOSE) Communications378
- Mapping GOOSE Messages to Virtual Inputs378
- Ethernet Functionality378
- IEC 61850 Configuration379
- Concurrent IEC 61850 and DNP3.0 Operation380
- Read Only Mode382
- Courier Protocol Blocking382
- IEC 61850 Protocol Blocking383
- Read-Only Settings383
- Read-Only DDB Signals383
- Time Synchronisation384
- Demodulated IRIG-B384
- Figure 159: GPS Satellite Timing Signal384
- Demodulated IRIG-B Implementation385
- Sntp385
- Time Synchronsiation Using the Communication Protocols385
Chapter 17 Cyber-Security387
- Overview389
- The Need for Cyber-Security390
- Standards391
- NERC Compliance391
- Cip 002392
- Cip 007393
- Ieee 1686-2007393
- Cyber-Security Implementation395
- NERC-Compliant Display395
- Four-Level Access396
- Figure 160: Default Display Navigation396
- Blank Passwords397
- Password Rules398
- Access Level Ddbs398
- Enhanced Password Security398
- Password Strengthening398
- Password Validation399
- Password Blocking399
- Password Recovery400
- Entry of the Recovery Password400
- Password Encryption401
- Disabling Physical Ports401
- Disabling Logical Ports401
- Security Events Management402
- Logging out404
Chapter 18 Installation405
- Chapter Overview407
- Handling the Goods408
- Receipt of the Goods408
- Unpacking the Goods408
- Storing the Goods408
- Dismantling the Goods408
- Mounting the Device409
- Flush Panel Mounting409
- Rack Mounting409
- Software Only410
- Figure 161: Rack Mounting of Products410
- Cables and Connectors412
- Terminal Blocks412
- Power Supply Connections412
- Figure 162: Midos Terminal Block412
- Earth Connnection413
- Current Transformers413
- Voltage Transformer Connections413
- Watchdog Connections414
- EIA(RS)485 and K-Bus Connections414
- IRIG-B Connection414
- Figure 163: Earth Link for Cable Screen414
- Opto-Input Connections415
- Output Relay Connections415
- Ethernet Metallic Connections415
- Ethernet Fibre Connections415
- USB Connection415
- Case Dimensions416
- Figure 164: 20TE Case Dimensions416
- Figure 165: 30TE Case Dimensions417
- Figure 166: 40TE Case Dimensions418
Chapter 19 Commissioning Instructions419
- Chapter Overview421
- General Guidelines422
- Commissioning Test Menu423
- Opto I/P Status Cell (Opto-Input Status)423
- Relay O/P Status Cell (Relay Output Status)423
- Test Port Status Cell423
- Monitor Bit 1 to 8 Cells423
- Test Mode Cell423
- Test Pattern Cell424
- Contact Test Cell424
- Test Leds Cell424
- Test Autoreclose Cell424
- Red and Green LED Status Cells424
- Commissioning Equipment426
- Recommended Commissioning Equipment426
- Essential Commissioning Equipment426
- Advisory Test Equipment427
- Product Checks428
- Product Checks with the IED De-Energised428
- Visual Inspection428
- Insulation429
- External Wiring429
- Watchdog Contacts429
- Power Supply429
- Product Checks with the IED Energised429
- Watchdog Contacts430
- Test LCD430
- Date and Time430
- Test Leds430
- Test Alarm and Out-Of-Service Leds431
- Test Trip LED431
- Test User-Programmable Leds431
- Test Opto-Inputs431
- Test Output Relays431
- Test Serial Communication Port RP1431
- Figure 167: RP1 Physical Connection432
- Test Serial Communication Port RP2433
- Test Ethernet Communication433
- Test Current Inputs433
- Figure 168: Remote Communication Using K-Bus433
- Test Voltage Inputs434
- Setting Checks436
- Apply Application-Specific Settings436
- Transferring Settings from a Settings File436
- Entering Settings Using the HMI436
- Protection Timing Checks438
- Overcurrent Check438
- Connecting the Test Circuit438
- Performing the Test438
- Check the Operating Time438
- Onload Checks440
- Confirm Current Connections440
- Confirm Voltage Connections440
- On-Load Directional Test441
- Final Checks442
Chapter 20 Maintenance and Troubleshooting443
- Chapter Overview445
- Maintenance446
- Maintenance Checks446
- Alarms446
- Opto-Isolators446
- Output Relays446
- Measurement Accuracy446
- Replacing the Unit447
- Cleaning447
- Troubleshooting448
- Self-Diagnostic Software448
- Power-Up Errors448
- Error Message or Code on Power-Up448
- Out of Service LED on at Power-Up449
- Error Code During Operation449
- Mal-Operation During Testing450
- Failure of Output Contacts450
- Failure of Opto-Inputs450
- Incorrect Analogue Signals450
- PSL Editor Troubleshooting450
- Diagram Reconstruction451
- PSL Version Check451
- Repair and Modification Procedure451
Chapter 21 Technical Specifications453
- Chapter Overview455
- Interfaces456
- Front USB Port456
- Rear Serial Port 1456
- IRIG-B Port456
- Rear Ethernet Port Copper457
- Rear Ethernet Port - Fibre457
- 100 Base Fx Receiver Characteristics457
- 100 Base Fx Transmitter Characteristics457
- Performance of Current Protection Functions458
- Three-Phase Overcurrent Protection458
- Three-Phase Overcurrent Directional Parameters458
- Thermal Overload Protection458
- Earth Fault Protection458
- Earth Fault Directional Parameters459
- Sensitive Earth Fault Protection459
- SEF Directional Parameters460
- Restricted Earth Fault Protection460
- Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection460
- NPSOC Directional Parameters461
- Stall Protection461
- Circuit Breaker Fail and Undercurrent Protection461
- Broken Conductor Protection461
- Selective Overcurrent Protection461
- Cold Load Pickup Protection462
- Performance of Voltage Protection Functions463
- Undervoltage Protection463
- Overvoltage Protection463
- Residual Overvoltage Protection463
- Negative Sequence Voltage Protection463
- Rate of Change of Voltage Protection464
- Performance of Frequency Protection Functions465
- Overfrequency Protection465
- Underfrequency Protection465
- Supervised Rate of Change of Frequency Protection465
- Independent Rate of Change of Frequency Protection466
- Average Rate of Change of Frequency Protection466
- Load Restoration467
- Anti-Backspin467
- Power Protection Functions468
- Reverse Power Protection468
- Performance of Monitoring and Control Functions469
- Voltage Transformer Supervision469
- Current Transformer Supervision469
- CB State and Condition Monitoring469
- PSL Timers469
- DC Supply Monitor469
- Measurements and Recording471
- General471
- Measured Operating Data471
- Disturbance Records472
- Event, Fault and Maintenance Records472
- Regulatory Compliance473
- EMC Compliance: 2014/30/EU473
- LVD Compliance: 2014/35/EU473
- R&TTE Compliance: 2014/53/EU473
- UL/CUL Compliance473
- ATEX Compliance: 2014/34/EU473
- Mechanical Specifications475
- Physical Parameters475
- Enclosure Protection475
- Mechanical Robustness475
- Transit Packaging Performance475
- Ratings476
- AC Measuring Inputs476
- Current Transformer Inputs476
- Voltage Transformer Inputs476
- Power Supply477
- Auxiliary Power Supply Voltage477
- Nominal Burden477
- Auxiliary Power Supply Interruption477
- Input / Output Connections478
- Isolated Digital Inputs478
- Nominal Pickup and Reset Thresholds478
- Standard Output Contacts478
- Watchdog Contacts479
- Shorting Link479
- Environmental Conditions480
- Ambient Temperature Range480
- Temperature Endurance Test480
- Ambient Humidity Range480
- Corrosive Environments480
- Type Tests481
- Insulation481
- Creepage Distances and Clearances481
- High Voltage (Dielectric) Withstand481
- Impulse Voltage Withstand Test481
- Electromagnetic Compatibility483
- Mhz Burst High Frequency Disturbance Test483
- Damped Oscillatory Test483
- Immunity to Electrostatic Discharge483
- Electrical Fast Transient or Burst Requirements483
- Surge Withstand Capability483
- Surge Immunity Test484
- Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Energy484
- Radiated Immunity from Digital Communications484
- Radiated Immunity from Digital Radio Telephones484
- Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio Frequency Fields484
- Magnetic Field Immunity485
- Conducted Emissions485
- Radiated Emissions485
- Power Frequency485
Appendix A Ordering Options487
Appendix B Settings and Signals491

GE P24DM - Application Notes; Busbar Blocking Scheme; Figure 68: Blocked Earth Fault Logic; Figure 69: Simple Busbar Blocking Scheme

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