Figure 117: DEF Directional Signals 233
Figure 118: Aided DEF Send logic 234
Figure 119: Carrier Aided Schemes Receive logic 234
Figure 120: Aided DEF Tripping logic 235
Figure 121: POR Aided Tripping logic 236
Figure 122: Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping logic 237
Figure 123: Aided Scheme Blocking 2 Tripping logic 237
Figure 124: Aided Delta POR scheme 239
Figure 125: Aided Delta Blocking scheme 240
Figure 126: Aided Delta Send logic 241
Figure 127: Carrier Aided Schemes Receive logic 241
Figure 128: Aided Delta Tripping logic 242
Figure 129: POR Aided Tripping logic 243
Figure 130: Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping logic 244
Figure 131: Aided Scheme Blocking 2 Tripping logic 244
Figure 132: Apparent Impedances seen by Distance Protection on a Teed Feeder 247
Figure 133: Problematic Fault Scenarios for PUR Scheme Application to Teed Feeders 249
Figure 134: Zone Starting Logic 256
Figure 135: Zone timer logic 257
Figure 136: Zone trip logic 257
Figure 137: Basic time stepped distance scheme 258
Figure 138: Trip On Close logic 259
Figure 139: Trip On Close based on CNV level detectors 260
Figure 140: SOTF Tripping 261
Figure 141: SOTF Tripping with CNV 261
Figure 142: TOR Tripping logic for appropriate zones 262
Figure 143: TOR Tripping logic with CNV 262
Figure 144: Zone 1 extension scheme 264
Figure 145: Zone 1 extension logic 264
Figure 146: Loss of load accelerated trip scheme 265
Figure 147: Loss of Load Logic 266
Figure 148: Power transfer related to angular difference between two generation sources 270
Figure 149: Phase selector timing for power swing condition 273
Figure 150: Phase selector timing for fault condition 274
Figure 151: Phase selector timing for fault during a power swing 274
Figure 152: Slow Power Swing detection characteristic 275
Figure 153: Load Blinder Boundary Conditions 278
Figure 154: Power swing blocking logic 279
Figure 155: Setting the resistive reaches 280
Figure 156: Reactive reach settings 281
Table of Figures P543i/P545i
xxviii P54x1i-TM-EN-1