3.6 Mal-operation during testing 710
3.6.1 Failure of Output Contacts 710
3.6.2 Failure of Opto-inputs 710
3.6.3 Incorrect Analogue Signals 711
3.7 Coprocessor board failures 711
3.7.1 Signalling failure alarm (on its own) 711
3.7.2 C diff failure alarm (on its own) 711
3.7.3 Signalling failure and C diff failure alarms together 711
3.7.4 Incompatible IED 711
3.7.5 Comms changed 711
3.7.6 IEEE C37.94 fail 712
3.8 PSL Editor Troubleshooting 712
3.8.1 Diagram Reconstruction 712
3.8.2 PSL Version Check 712
3.9 Repair and Modification Procedure 712
Chapter 27 Technical Specifications 715
1 Chapter Overview 717
2 Interfaces 718
2.1 Front Serial Port 718
2.2 Download/Monitor Port 718
2.3 Rear Serial Port 1 718
2.4 Fibre Rear Serial Port 1 718
2.5 Rear Serial Port 2 719
2.6 Optional Rear Serial Port (SK5) 719
2.7 IRIG-B (Demodulated) 719
2.8 IRIG-B (Modulated) 719
2.9 Rear Ethernet Port Copper 720
2.10 Rear Ethernet Port Fibre 720
2.10.1 100 Base FX Receiver Characteristics 720
2.10.2 100 Base FX Transmitter Characteristics 721
2.11 1 PPS Port 721
2.12 Fibre Teleprotection Interface 721
3 Protection Functions 722
3.1 Phase Current Differential Protection 722
3.2 Neutral Current Differential Protection 722
3.3 Distance Protection 723
3.4 Power Swing Blocking 723
3.5 Out Of Step Protection 724
3.6 Fibre Teleprotection Transfer Times 724
3.7 Autoreclose and Check Synychronism 724
3.8 Phase Overcurrent Protection 724
3.8.1 Transient Overreach and Overshoot 725
3.8.2 Phase Overcurrent Directional Parameters 725
3.9 Earth Fault Protection 725
3.9.1 Earth Fault Directional Parameters 725
3.10 Sensitive Earth Fault Protection 726
3.10.1 Sensitive Earth Fault Protection Directional Element 726
3.11 High Impedance Restricted Earth Fault Protection 726
3.12 Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection 726
3.12.1 NPSOC Directional Parameters 727
3.13 Circuit Breaker Fail and Undercurrent Protection 727
3.14 Broken Conductor Protection 727
3.15 Thermal Overload Protection 727
4 Monitoring, Control and Supervision 728
4.1 Voltage Transformer Supervision 728
P543i/P545i Contents
P54x1i-TM-EN-1 xxi