R&S ZNL Series - Calibration Types

VNA concepts and features
R&S
®
ZNL/ZNLE
249User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 20
Calibration and port de-/activation
The analyzer fimware automatically activates/deactivates ports during/after a (success-
ful) calibration:
●
Calibrated ports that were previously disabled, are automatically enabled as single-
ended logical ports.
●
An uncalibrated port that is not used by a measurement (i.e. the port is not required
by any trace of the related channel) is disabled.
9.5.1 Calibration types
The analyzer provides a wide range of calibration types for one, two or more ports. The
calibration types differ in the number and types of standards used, the error terms, i.e.
the type of systematic errors corrected and the general accuracy. The following table
gives an overview.
Table 9-7: Overview of calibration types
Calibration Type Standards Parameters Error Terms General Accuracy Application
Reflection Normali-
zation
Open or Short S
ii
for Port i Reflection tracking Low to medium Reflection measure-
ments on any port.
Transmission Nor-
malization
Through S
ij
for port pair (i,j), i
≠ j
Transmission track-
ing
Medium Transmission mea-
surements in any
direction and
between any combi-
nation of ports.
Reflection OSM Open, Short,
Match
1)
S
ii
for Port i Reflection tracking,
Source match
Directivity,
High Reflection measure-
ments on any port.
One Path Two Ports Open, Short,
Match
1)
(at source
port),
Through
2)
between
the source port and
all target ports
S
t,j
for fixed source
port j and target
ports t
Reflection tracking,
Source match,
Directivity,
Transmission track-
ing
Medium to high Unidirectional trans-
mission measure-
ments in any direc-
tion and between
any combination of
ports.
TOSM or UOSM
(2-port)
Open, Short,
Match
1)
(at each
port),
Through
2)
(between
all port pairs)
All Reflection tracking,
Source match,
Directivity,
Load match,
Transmission track-
ing,
High Reflection and
transmission mea-
surements; classi-
cal 12-term error
correction model.
Calibration