624074/07 B-21
B.5.3.6 References
• Rasanen J et al. Airway pressure release ventilation during
acute lung injury: a prospective multicenter trial. Crit Care
Med 1991 Oct;19(10):1234-41.
• Stock MC, Downs JB et al. Airway pressure release venti-
lation. Crit Care Med 1987 May;15(5):462-6.
• Antonsen K et al. Invasive ventilation. Classification, tech-
nique and clinical experiences with BIPAP/APRV (Biphasic
Positive Airway Pressure/Airway Pressure Release Ventila-
tion. Ugeskr Laeger 1996 Jan 22;158(4):413-9.
• Rathgeber J. Ventilation modes and strategies in intensive
care medicine. Anaesthesiol Reanim 1997;22(1):4-14.
• De Carvalho WB et al. Airway Pressure release in postop-
erative cardiac surgery in pediatric patients. Rev Assoc Med
Bras 2000 Apr-Jun;46(2):166-73.
B.5.4 Noninvasive ventilation (NIV and NIV-ST)
The NIV (noninvasive ventilation), deliver spontaneous breaths
and operator-initiated manual (mandatory) breaths. In NIV the
ventilator functions as a demand flow system. The patient’s
spontaneous breathing efforts can also be supported with the
set pressure support. When pressure support is set to zero, the
ventilator functions like a conventional CPAP system.
The NIV-ST (spontaneous/timed noninvasive ventilation) mode
delivers pressure-controlled, time-cycled mandatory breaths
and pressure-supported, flow-cycled spontaneous breaths.
NIV-ST, like NIV, is designed for use with a mask or other
noninvasive patient interface.
The control settings active in the NIV mode are shown in
Figure B-14 and the NIV-ST mode in Figure B-15.
See Appendix D, Noninvasive ventilation, for clinical application
information on the noninvasive modes.
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