624074/07 D-3
Intended for actively breathing patients, noninvasive ventila-
tion is provided through a nonvented or nonported mask inter-
face. Because this open breathing circuit permits air to leak
around the mask or through the mouth, the ventilator achieves
and maintains the prescribed pressure by adjusting the inspira-
tory flow. If the leak is large, the ventilator’s inspiratory flow
can be large, thus compensating at least in part for most leaks.
The NIV modes were also designed to minimize nuisance leak-
related alarms.
NIV is an adaptation of the SPONT mode, while NIV-ST is an
adaptation of the PSIMV+ mode. The primary difference bet-
ween SPONT and NIV or PSIMV+ and NIV-ST is that SPONT and
PSIMV+ are designed for an intubated patient, while the NIV
modes are designed for use with a mask or other noninvasive
patient interface. See Appendix A for technical details about
the ventilator’s noninvasive modes.
D.2 Benefits of noninvasive ventilation
1,2
Noninvasive ventilation offers these short-term benefits:
• Relieves respiratory symptoms
• Optimizes patient comfort
• Reduces work of breathing (WOB)
• Improves or stabilizes gas exchange
• Improves patient-ventilator synchrony
• Minimizes risks associated with aspiration, intubation,
injury to the mucus membranes and teeth, and circulatory
reactions
2. Hess DR. The evidence for noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in
the care of patients in acute respiratory failure: a systematic review of the
literature. Respiratory Care 2004 Jul;49(7):810-25.
1. Mehta S et al. Noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 Feb;163(2):540-77.
2. Hess DR. The evidence for noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in the care of patients
in acute respiratory failure: a systematic review of the literature. Respiratory Care 2004
Jul;49(7):810-25.
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