Monitoring and Operating the Controller 
242  UDC3500 Universal Digital Controller Product Manual  3/07 
Usually only one output is used to add more or less enriching gas (typically natural gas) 
to the furnace’s base atmosphere, which has a relatively low carbon potential. The 
enriching gas then raises the carbon potential to the desired level. There are occasions 
when it is desirable to use dilution air in order to lower the carbon potential instead of 
enriching gas to raise it. In those instances, a second output from the controller can 
provide this function by configuring duplex control. When duplex proportional control is 
used, a different set of PID tuning constants is used for the dilution air than those used for 
the enriching gas. 
Although the temperature used for these Carbon algorithms is normally a live value read 
by Input 2, it may also be configured as a fixed value. The fixed value selection is useful 
for when an Automotive Sensor is used, as these do not contain a thermocouple sensor. 
Carbon Potential Diagram 
Figure 4-6 illustrates a typical application for carbon potential control. 
f(x) f(x)
PID
E/P
CV
Carbon 
Probe
O
 
2
 
Sensor 
Carburizing  
Furnace 
% 
Carbon 
P
% 
Carbon 
Calc. 
Output
Enrichment Gas
 
• SP 
• 2SP 
• 4SP or 
• RSP
Input 2 Input 1
UDC 3500
 
millivolts
CP
Input 3 — 
 
Optional Online  
CO Compensation
• 3SP 
temperature
Thermocouple 
 
Figure 4-6  Carbon Potential Control 
Percent Oxygen 
Percent Oxygen control requires two analog inputs. Input 1 actuation is automatically set 
to Oxygen when the Percent Oxygen Algorithm is configured. Input 2 may be any input 
actuation, but it is normally a type K, R or S thermocouple input. 
All calculations are performed by the Controller with Percent Oxygen shown as the PV 
display. The actual reading of each analog input is available for viewing on the lower 
display.