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Tripping area

Idiff

Restrain area

Ibias

Is1

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Figure 28: Compensation using biased differential characteristic

Chapter 5 - Protection Functions MiCOM P747

102 P747-TM-EN-1

P747-TM-EN-1.1

Main Page

Default Chapter3
- Table of Contents3
Chapter 1 Introduction21
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme22
- Rear Serial Port22
Chapter Overview23
- Measurement Table23
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme23
- Cip23
Foreword24
- Target Audience24
- Typographical Conventions24
- Nomenclature24
- Cip24
- Product Scope25
- Cip25
Features and Functions26
- Protection Functions26
- Control Functions26
- Measurement Functions26
- Cip26
- Communication Functions27
- Cip27
Compliance28
Functional Overview29
- Cip29
- Figure 1: Functional Overview29
Ordering Options30
Chapter 2 Safety Information31
Chapter Overview33
Chapter Overview Health and Safety Symbols33
Installation, Commissioning and Servicing36
- Lifting Hazards36
- Electrical Hazards36
- UL/CSA/CUL Requirements37
- Fusing Requirements37
- Equipment Connections38
- Protection Class 1 Equipment Requirements38
- Pre-Energization Checklist39
- Peripheral Circuitry40
- Upgrading/Servicing40
Decommissioning and Disposal41
Chapter 3 Hardware Design43
Chapter Overview45
Hardware Architecture46
- Figure 2: Hardware Architecture46
Mechanical Implementation47
- Housing Variants47
- Figure 3: Exploded View of IED47
- List of Boards48
Front Panel49
- Figure 4: Front Panel (80TE)49
- Top Compartment with Hinged Cover50
- Keypad50
- Liquid Crystal Display50
- Front Serial Port (SK1)50
- Front Parallel Port (SK2)51
- Fixed Function Leds51
- Function Keys52
- Programable Leds52
Rear Panel53
- Figure 5: Rear View of Populated 80TE Case53
- Figure 6: Terminal Block Types54
Boards and Modules55
- Pcbs55
- Subassemblies55
- Figure 7: Rear Connection to Terminal Block55
- Main Processor Board56
- Figure 8: Main Processor Board56
- Combined Coprocessor and Isolated Input Board57
- Figure 9: Combined Coprocessor and Isolated Digital Input Board57
- Power Supply Board58
- Figure 10: Power Supply Board58
- Figure 11: Power Supply Assembly59
- Watchdog60
- Figure 12: Power Supply Terminals60
- Rear Serial Port61
- Figure 13: Watchdog Contact Terminals61
- Input Module - 2 Transformer Boards62
- Figure 14: Rear Serial Port Terminals62
- Figure 15: Input Module - 1 Transformer Board62
- Sigma-Delta Input Module Circuit Description63
- Figure 16: Input Module Schematic63
- Transformer Board65
- Figure 17: Instrument Transformer Board65
- Main Input Board66
- Figure 18: Main Input Board66
- Standard Output Relay Board67
- Figure 19: Output Relay Board - 8 Contacts67
- IRIG-B Board69
- Figure 20: IRIG-B Board69
- Fibre Optic Board70
- Figure 21: Fibre Optic Board70
- Rear Communication Board71
- Figure 22: Rear Communication Board71
- Ethernet Board72
- Figure 23: Ethernet Board72
- Redundant Ethernet Board73
- Figure 24: Redundant Ethernet Board73
Chapter 4 Configuration75
Chapter Overview77
Using the HMI Panel78
- Navigating the HMI Panel79
- Getting Started79
- Figure 25: Menu Navigation79
- Default Display80
- Default Display Navigation81
- Password Entry81
- Figure 26: Default Display Navigation81
- Processing Alarms and Fault Records82
- Menu Structure83
- Changing the Settings84
- Direct Access (the Hotkey Menu)84
- Setting Group Selection85
- Control Inputs85
- Circuit Breaker Control86
- Function Keys86
Configuring the Data Protocols88
- Courier Configuration88
- DNP3 Configuration90
- DNP3 Configurator91
- MODBUS Configuration93
- IEC 61850 Configuration94
- IEC 61850 Configuration Banks95
- IEC 61850 Network Connectivity95
Date and Time Configuration96
- Time Zone Compensation96
- Daylight Saving Time Compensation96
Configuration Settings98
- System Data98
- Date and Time103
- General Configuration104
- Transformer Ratios106
- System Configuration110
- Security Configuration115
Chapter 5 Protection Functions117
Chapter Overview119
Busbar Protection120
- Unit Protection120
- Current Differential Protection Principles120
- Figure 27: Current Differential Protection120
- Through Fault Stability121
- Bias Current Compensation121
- Figure 28: Compensation Using Biased Differential Characteristic122
Busbar Multiple Tripping Criteria123
- Tripping Criteria Ddbs123
- Figure 29: Multiple Tripping Criteria123
- Topology Replica Function124
- Figure 30: Topology Replica Function124
- Topology Replica Function Ddbs125
- Zone Current Differential Elements126
- Check Zone126
- Figure 31: Zone Tripping Characteristic126
- Check Zone Supervision127
- Auxiliary Contacts Discrepancy127
- Continuous Supervision of Current Circuits (Circuitry Fail)127
- Figure 32: Check Zone Supervision Characteristic127
- Current Phase Comparison Check128
- Figure 33: Circuitry Check Characteristic128
- Optional Voltage Criteria129
- Instantaneous or Delayed Tripping129
- Dead Zone (Blind Spot) Protection129
- Dead Zone (Blind Spot) Protection Logic130
- Dead Zone (Blind Spot) Protection Ddbs130
- Figure 34: Example of Busbar Dead-Zone130
- Figure 35: Dead-Zone Logic130
Circuit Breaker Fail Protection131
- Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation131
- Circuit Breaker Fail Logic131
- Figure 36: CBF Initiated by Internal Signal132
- CB Fail Settings133
- Figure 37: CBF Initiated by External Signal133
- CB Fail DDB Signals134
Backup Overcurrent Protection136
- Overcurrent 1 Settings136
- Overcurrent 2 Settings141
- Overcurrent DDB Signals153
Configuring the Busbar Protection157
- Example of Configuring the Busbar Protection157
- Figure 38: Busbar Topology Used in Configuration Example157
Chapter 6 Monitoring and Control161
Chapter Overview163
Event Records164
- Event Records Table164
- Event Types171
- Opto-Input Events172
- Contact Events172
- Alarm Events172
- Fault Record Events175
- Figure 39: Fault Recorder Stop Conditions175
- Maintenance Events176
- Protection Events177
- Security Events177
- Platform Events178
- View Records Column178
Disturbance Recorder181
Measurements182
- Measured Quantities182
- Measured and Calculated Currents182
- Measured and Calculated Voltages182
- Power and Energy Quantities182
- Demand Values183
- Frequency Measurements183
- Other Measurements183
- Measurement Setup183
- Measurement Tables184
- Measurement Table 3187
O Functions188
- Function Keys188
- Function Key DDB Signals188
- Function Key Settings189
- Leds189
- Fixed Function Leds189
- Programable Leds190
- Function Key Leds190
- Trip LED Logic190
- LED DDB Signals190
- Figure 40: Trip LED Logic190
- LED Conditioners192
- Opto-Inputs192
- Opto-Input Configuration192
- Opto-Input Labels195
- Opto-Input DDB Signals197
- Enhanced Time Stamping198
- Output Relays198
- Output Relay Labels198
- Output Relay DDB Signals200
- Output Relay Conditioners200
- Control Inputs200
- Control Input Settings200
- Control Input Configuration202
- Control Input Labels206
- Control Input DDB Signals206
Voltage Transformer Supervision207
Trip Circuit Supervision208
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme208
- Figure 41: TCS Scheme 1208
- Psl for Tcs Scheme 1209
- Figure 42: PSL for TCS Scheme 1209
- Figure 43: TCS Scheme 2209
- Psl for Tcs Scheme 2210
- Figure 44: PSL for TCS Scheme 2210
- Figure 45: TCS Scheme 3210
- Figure 46: PSL for TCS Scheme 3210
Chapter 7 SCADA Communications211
Chapter Overview213
Communication Interfaces214
Serial Communication215
- EIA(RS)232 Bus215
- EIA(RS)485 Bus215
- EIA(RS)485 Biasing Requirements216
- K-Bus216
- Figure 47: RS485 Biasing Circuit216
- Figure 48: Remote Communication Using K-Bus217
Standard Ethernet Communication218
Overview of Data Protocols219
Courier220
- Physical Connection and Link Layer220
- Courier Database220
- Settings Categories220
- Setting Changes220
- Settings Transfer221
- Event Extraction221
- Automatic Event Record Extraction221
- Manual Event Record Extraction221
- Disturbance Record Extraction222
- Programmable Scheme Logic Settings223
- Time Synchronisation223
- Configuration223
- Physical Connection and Link Layer224
- Initialisation224
- Iec 60870-5-103224
- Time Synchronisation225
- Spontaneous Events225
- General Interrogation (GI)225
- Cyclic Measurements225
- Commands225
- Test Mode225
- Disturbance Records225
- Command/Monitor Blocking226
- Configuration226
Dnp227
- Physical Connection and Link Layer227
- Object 1 Binary Inputs227
- Object 10 Binary Outputs227
- Object 20 Binary Counters228
- Object 30 Analogue Input228
- Figure 49: Control Input Behaviour228
- Object 40 Analogue Output229
- Object 50 Time Synchronisation229
- Configuration229
Modbus230
- Physical Connection and Link Layer230
- MODBUS Functions230
- Response Codes230
- Register Mapping231
- Event Extraction231
- Automatic Event Record Extraction231
- Manual Event Record Extraction232
- Record Data232
- Disturbance Record Extraction233
- Manual Extraction Procedure234
- Automatic Extraction Procedure235
- Figure 50: Manual Selection of a Disturbance Record235
- Figure 51: Automatic Selection of Disturbance Record - Method 1236
- Extracting the Disturbance Data237
- Figure 52: Automatic Selection of Disturbance Record - Method 2237
- Figure 53: Configuration File Extraction238
- Figure 54: Data File Extraction239
- Setting Changes240
- Password Protection240
- Protection and Disturbance Recorder Settings240
- Time Synchronisation241
- Power and Energy Measurement Data Formats242
Iec 61850243
- Benefits of IEC 61850243
- IEC 61850 Interoperability243
- The IEC 61850 Data Model243
- IEC 61850 in Micom Ieds244
- Figure 55: Data Model Layers in IEC61850244
- IEC 61850 Data Model Implementation245
- IEC 61850 Communication Services Implementation245
- IEC 61850 Peer-To-Peer (GSSE) Communications245
- Mapping GOOSE Messages to Virtual Inputs246
- IEC 61850 GOOSE Configuration246
- Ethernet Functionality246
- Ethernet Disconnection246
- Loss of Power246
- IEC 61850 Configurator Settings246
Read Only Mode249
- IEC 60870-5-103 Protocol249
- Courier Protocol249
- IEC 61850 Protocol250
- Read-Only Settings250
- Read-Only DDB Signals250
Time Synchronisation251
Demodulated IRIG-B252
- IRIG-B Implementation252
- Figure 56: GPS Satellite Timing Signal252
Sntp253
Time Synchronsiation Using the Communication Protocols254
Communication Settings255
Chapter 8 Redundant Ethernet259
Chapter Overview261
Board Versions262
Board Connections263
- Figure 57: Board Connectors263
Redundancy Protocols264
- Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP)264
- PRP Networks264
- Network Elements264
- Figure 58: Example PRP Redundant Network265
- Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)266
- Figure 59: Application of PRP at Substation Level266
- Self-Healing Protocol (SHP)267
- Figure 60: IED Attached to Redundant Ethernet Star or Ring Circuit267
- Figure 61: IED, Bay Computer and Ethernet Switch with Self Healing Ring Facilities267
- Figure 62: Internal Architecture of IED, C264 Bay Computer and H36X Ethernet Switch268
- Dual-Homing Protocol (DHP)269
- Figure 63: Redundant Ethernet Ring Architecture with IED, Bay Computer and Ethernet269
- Figure 64: Redundant Ethernet Ring Architecture with IED, Bay Computer and Ethernet269
- Figure 65: Dual Homing Mechanism270
- Figure 66: Application of Dual Homing Star at Substation Level271
Generic Functions for Redundant Ethernet Boards272
- Forwarding272
- Priority Tagging272
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)272
- SNMP MIB Structure for RSTP, DHP and SHP273
- Figure 67: SNMP MIB Tree273
- SNMP MIB Structure for PRP274
- Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP)277
Configuring IP Addresses278
- Configuring the IED IP Address278
- Configuring the Board IP Address278
- Figure 68: IED and REB IP Address Configuration278
- Configuring the First Two Octets of the Board IP Address279
- Configuring the Third Octet of the Board IP Address279
- Configuring the Last Octet of the Board IP Address279
PRP Configurator282
- Connecting the IED to a PC282
- Installing the Configurator282
- Figure 69: Connection Using (A) an Ethernet Switch and (B) a Media Converter282
- Starting the Configurator283
- PRP Device Identification283
- PRP IP Address Configuration283
- SNTP IP Address Configuration283
- Check for Connected Equipment283
- PRP Configuration284
- Filtering Database284
- End of Session284
RSTP Configurator285
- Connecting the IED to a PC285
- Installing the Configurator285
- Figure 70: Connection Using (A) an Ethernet Switch and (B) a Media Converter285
- Starting the Configurator286
- RSTP Device Identification286
- RSTP IP Address Configuration286
- SNTP IP Address Configuration286
- Check for Connected Equipment287
- RSTP Configuration287
- Bridge Parameters287
- Port Parameters287
- Port States288
- End of Session288
Switch Manager289
- Installation289
- Setup290
- Network Setup290
- Bandwidth Used290
- Reset Counters290
- Check for Connected Equipment291
- Mirroring Function291
- Ports On/Off291
- Vlan291
- End of Session292
Chapter 9 Cyber-Security293
Overview295
The Need for Cyber-Security296
Standards297
- NERC Compliance297
- Cip 002298
- Cip 007299
- Ieee 1686-2007299
Cyber-Security Implementation301
- NERC-Compliant Display301
- Four-Level Access302
- Figure 71: Default Display Navigation302
- Blank Passwords303
- Password Rules303
- Access Level Ddbs304
- Enhanced Password Security304
- Password Strengthening304
- Password Validation304
- Password Blocking305
- Password Recovery306
- Password Encryption307
- Disabling Physical Ports307
- Disabling Logical Ports307
- Security Events Management308
- Logging out310
Cyber-Security Settings311
Chapter 10 Settings Application Software313
Introduction to the Settings Application Software315
- Getting Started315
- Quick System Guide316
- Figure 72: Flowchart Showing How S1 Agile Can be Used to Set up and Save a Protection System Offline or Online316
- Download Data Models317
- Set up a System317
- Connect to an IED Front Port317
- Connect to an IED in a System317
- Send Settings to a Device317
- Extract Settings from a Device317
- Extract a PSL File from a Device317
- Extract a DNP3 File from a Device318
- Extract an Events File from a Device318
- Extract a Disturbance Record from a Device318
- PSL Editor318
- IEC 61850 Configurator318
- DNP3 Configurator318
- Curve Tool319
- S&R Courier319
- Aedr2319
- Winaedr2319
- Wavewin319
- Device (Menu) Text Editor320
- Event Viewer320
- GOOSE Editor320
- PRP Configurator320
- RSTP Configurator320
- Switch Manager321
Chapter 11 Busbar Commissioning Tool323
P747 Busbar Commissioning Tool (Remote HMI)325
Scheme Editor326
- Connections326
- Manual Connections326
- Automatic Connections326
- Remove Connection327
- Scheme Elements327
- Add Elements to a Scheme327
- Remove an Element327
- Group Elements in a Scheme327
- Rotate Elements in a Group327
- Working with Text on the Scheme327
- Add a Label to an Element328
- Remove a Label from an Element328
- Change an Element's Label328
- Add or Remove Free Text328
- Validate a Scheme328
Protection Data Monitor329
- Connect to the IED329
- Polling Timer329
- Read IED Data329
- Measurements Data329
Chapter 12 Scheme Logic331
Chapter Overview333
Introduction to the Scheme Logic334
- Figure 73: Scheme Logic Interfaces334
Fixed Scheme Logic336
- Any Start Logic337
- Figure 74: any Start Logic337
- VTS Acceleration Indication Logic338
- CB Fail SEF Protection Logic338
- Figure 75: VTS Acceleration Indication Logic338
- Figure 76: CB Fail SEF Protection Logic338
- CB Fail Non Current Protection Logic339
- Composite Earth Fault Start Logic340
- Any Trip Logic340
- SEF any Start Logic340
- Figure 78: Composite Earth Fault Start Logic340
- Figure 79: any Trip Logic340
- Figure 80: SEF any Start Logic340
Programmable Scheme Logic341
- Viewing and Printing PSL Diagrams341
- Trip Output Mappings342
- Figure 81: Trip Output Mappings342
- Opto-Input Mappings343
- Figure 82: Opto-Input Mappings343
- Output Relay Mappings344
- Figure 83: Output Relay Mappings344
- LED Mappings345
- Control Input Mappings345
- Function Key Mappings345
- Figure 84: LED Mappings345
- Figure 85: Control Input Mappings345
- Figure 86: Function Key Mappings345
- Circuit Breaker Mapping346
- Fault Record Trigger Mapping346
- Check Synchronisation and Voltage Monitor Mappings346
- Settings346
- Figure 87: Circuit Breaker Mapping346
- Figure 88: Fault Record Trigger Mapping346
- Figure 89: Check Synchronisation and Voltage Monitor Mappings346
Chapter 13 Installation349
Chapter Overview351
Handling the Goods352
- Receipt of the Goods352
- Unpacking the Goods352
- Storing the Goods352
- Dismantling the Goods352
Mounting the Device353
- Flush Panel Mounting353
- Figure 90: Location of Battery Isolation Strip353
- Rack Mounting354
- Figure 91: Rack Mounting of Products355
Cables and Connectors356
- Terminal Blocks356
- Figure 92: Terminal Block Types356
- Power Supply Connections357
- Earth Connnection357
- Current Transformers357
- Voltage Transformer Connections358
- Watchdog Connections358
- EIA(RS)485 and K-Bus Connections358
- IRIG-B Connection358
- Opto-Input Connections358
- Output Relay Connections358
- Ethernet Metallic Connections359
- Ethernet Fibre Connections359
- RS232 Connection359
- Download/Monitor Port359
- GPS Fibre Connection359
- Fibre Communication Connections359
Case Dimensions360
- Case Dimensions 80TE360
- Figure 93: 80TE Case Dimensions360
Chapter 14 Commissioning Instructions361
Chapter Overview363
General Guidelines364
Commissioning Test Menu365
- Opto I/P Status Cell (Opto-Input Status)365
- Relay O/P Status Cell (Relay Output Status)365
- Test Mode Cell365
- Test Pattern Cell366
- Contact Test Cell366
- Test Leds Cell366
- Red and Green LED Status Cells366
- PSL Verificiation366
- Test Port Status Cell366
- Monitor Bit 1 to 8 Cells366
- Using a Monitor Port Test Box367
Commissioning Equipment368
- Minimum Equipment Required368
- Optional Equipment Required368
Product Checks369
- Product Checks with the IED De-Energised369
- Visual Inspection370
- Current Transformer Shorting Contacts370
- Insulation370
- External Wiring371
- Watchdog Contacts371
- Power Supply371
- Product Checks with the IED Energised371
- Watchdog Contacts372
- Test LCD372
- Date and Time372
- Test Leds373
- Test Alarm and Out-Of-Service Leds373
- Test Trip LED373
- Test User-Programmable Leds373
- Test Opto-Inputs373
- Test Output Relays374
- Test Serial Communication Port RP1374
- Figure 94: RP1 Physical Connection375
- Figure 95: Remote Communication Using K-Bus375
- Test Serial Communication Port RP2376
- Test Ethernet Communication376
- Test Current Inputs376
- Test Voltage Inputs377
Setting Checks378
- Apply Application-Specific Settings378
- Transferring Settings from a Settings File378
- Entering Settings Using the HMI378
Busbar Protection Checks380
- Busbar Differential Protection Checks380
- Connecting the Test Circuit380
- Performing the Test380
- Check the Operating Time381
Onload Checks382
- Confirm Current Connections382
- Confirm Voltage Connections382
- On-Load Busbar Differential Test383
Final Checks384
Commissioning Test Settings385
Chapter 15 Maintenance and Troubleshooting387
Chapter Overview389
Maintenance390
- Maintenance Checks390
- Alarms390
- Opto-Isolators390
- Output Relays390
- Measurement Accuracy390
- Replacing the Device391
- Repairing the Device392
- Figure 96: Possible Terminal Block Types392
- Removing the Front Panel393
- Replacing Pcbs393
- Replacing the Main Processor Board394
- Replacement of Communications Boards394
- Figure 97: Front Panel Assembly394
- Replacement of the Input Module395
- Replacement of the Power Supply Board396
- Replacement of the I/O Boards396
- Recalibration396
- Changing the Battery397
- Post Modification Tests397
- Battery Disposal397
- Cleaning397
Troubleshooting398
- Self-Diagnostic Software398
- Power-Up Errors398
- Error Message or Code on Power-Up398
- Out of Service LED on at Power-Up399
- Error Code During Operation400
- Backup Battery400
- Mal-Operation During Testing400
- Failure of Output Contacts400
- Failure of Opto-Inputs400
- Incorrect Analogue Signals401
- PSL Editor Troubleshooting401
- Diagram Reconstruction401
- PSL Version Check401
Repair and Modification Procedure402
Chapter 16 Technical Specifications403
Chapter Overview405
Interfaces406
- Front Serial Port406
- Download/Monitor Port406
- Rear Serial Port406
- Fibre Rear Serial Port406
- Redundant Ethernet Ports407
- IRIG-B (Demodulated)407
- IRIG-B (Modulated)407
- Rear Serial Port 2407
- Rear Ethernet Port Copper408
- Rear Ethernet Port Fibre408
- 100 Base Fx Receiver Characteristics408
- 100 Base Fx Transmitter Characteristics409
Busbar Protection Functions410
- Busbar Circuitry Fault Protection410
- Busbar Dead Zone Protection410
- Three-Phase Overcurrent Protection410
- Earth Fault Protection411
- Transient Overreach and Overshoot411
Performance of Monitoring and Control Functions412
- Voltage Transformer Supervision412
- PSL Timers412
Measurements and Recording413
- General413
- Disturbance Records413
- Event, Fault and Maintenance Records413
- Fault Locator413
Standards Compliance414
- EMC Compliance: 2004/108/EC414
- Product Safety: 2006/95/EC414
- R&TTE Compliance414
- UL/CUL Compliance414
Mechanical Specifications415
- Physical Parameters415
- Enclosure Protection415
- Mechanical Robustness415
- Transit Packaging Performance415
Ratings416
- AC Measuring Inputs416
- Current Transformer Inputs416
- Voltage Transformer Inputs416
- Auxiliary Supply Voltage416
- Nominal Burden417
- Power Supply Interruption417
- Standard Output Contacts418
- Watchdog Contacts418
- Isolated Digital Inputs419
- Nominal Pickup and Reset Thresholds419
Environmental Conditions420
- Ambient Temperature Range420
- Ambient Humidity Range420
- Corrosive Environments420
Type Tests421
- Insulation421
- Creepage Distances and Clearances421
- High Voltage (Dielectric) Withstand421
- Impulse Voltage Withstand Test421
Electromagnetic Compatibility422
- Mhz Burst High Frequency Disturbance Test422
- Damped Oscillatory Test422
- Immunity to Electrostatic Discharge422
- Electrical Fast Transient or Burst Requirements422
- Surge Withstand Capability422
- Surge Immunity Test423
- Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Energy423
- Radiated Immunity from Digital Communications423
- Radiated Immunity from Digital Radio Telephones423
- Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio Frequency Fields423
- Magnetic Field Immunity424
- Conducted Emissions424
- Radiated Emissions424
- Power Frequency424
Appendix A Symbols and Glossary425
Chapter Overview427
Acronyms and Abbreviations428
Units for Digital Communications434
American Vs British English Terminology435
Logic Symbols and Terms436
Logic Timers440
Logic Gates442
- Figure 98: Logic Gates442
Appendix B Commissioning Record443
Test Record445
- Engineer Details445
- Front Plate Information445
- Test Equipment445
- Tests with Product De-Energised445
- Tests with Product Energised446
- Communication Tests446
- Current Input Tests446
- Voltage Input Tests447
- Overcurrent Checks447
- On-Load Checks447
- Final Checks447
Appendix C Wiring Diagrams449
Appendix Overview451
P747: Busbar Protection452
- Figure 99: P747 Busbar Protection, 3 Box Solution452
P747: I/O Option a453
- Figure 100: P747 Busbar Protection with 40 Inputs, 24 Outputs and Coprocessor453
P747: I/O Option B454
- Figure 101: P747 Busbar Protection with 32 Inputs, 32 Outputs and Coprocessor454
P747: I/O Option C455
- Figure 102: P747 Busbar Protection with 32 Inputs, 24 Outputs and Standard Coprocessor455

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