892-0000010B OM
73
3 Description and operation of tractor components
3.1 Engine and its systems
3.1.1 Engine
3.1.1.1 General information
Note - Subsection 3.1.1 "Engine" contains brief information about the engine and its
components. To obtain complete information about the composition and operation of the en-
gine, its components, you need to purchase from your dealer the engine operation manual
243-0000100OM (or 243C/245C-0000100 OM, if your tractor is equipped with a 245.5C en-
gine) compiled by OJSC “MMP”.
The BELARUS-892/892.2 tractors are equipped with the D-245.5 engine. By order,
the BELARUS-892/892.2 tractor can be equipped with the D-245.5C engine, which, in terms
of emissions of harmful substances, meets environmental requirements of stage I.
The D-245.5 engine is a four-stroke piston four-cylinder internal combustion engine
with in-line vertical arrangement of cylinders, with direct injection of diesel fuel and compres-
sion ignition.
To ensure reliable start-up at low ambient temperatures, pin glow plugs with a rated
voltage of 11 V can be installed in the engine head.
The engine is started by giving rotation to the crankshaft with an electric starter
through a flywheel mounted on the crankshaft flange.
The principle of operation of the D-245.5 engine, like any internal combustion engine,
is the conversion of thermal energy of the fuel burning in the working cylinder into mechan-
ical energy. During the movement of the piston down at the intake stroke, an air charge
enters the cylinder through the open intake valve. After the intake valve closes and the piston
moves up, high air compression occurs. At the same time, the air temperature rises sharply.
At the end of the compression stroke, fuel is injected into the cylinder through the nozzle
under high pressure. When injected, the fuel is finely sprayed, mixed with hot air in the cyl-
inder and evaporates, forming an air-fuel mixture.
Ignition of the mixture during the engine operation is carried out as a result of high air
compression up to the temperature of self-ignition of the mixture. Fuel injection begins only
at the end of the compression stroke, in order to avoid a premature inflammation,.
After the combustion of the air-fuel mixture, the expansion process follows and the
cylinder is cleaned of the combustion products through the exhaust valve.
The timing mechanism controls the coordinated opening and closing of the intake and
exhaust valves.
On the D-245.5 engine, with the start of engine operation, a turbocharger is driven by
using the energy of exhaust gases.
The water pump of the engine cooling system is driven by a belt drive from a pulley,
mounted on the toe of the crankshaft, to a pulley mounted on the water pump shaft. The
drive of the pneumatic compressor and the geared pump of the HSC is carried out by a
toothed transmission of the distributing mechanism.
To Next Page
Loading...
