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CAKEWALK SONAR User Manual

CAKEWALK SONAR
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Cakewalk SONAR
Users Guide
©

Table of Contents

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CAKEWALK SONAR Specifications

General IconGeneral
CategoryDigital Audio Workstation (DAW)
Operating SystemWindows
Unlimited Audio TracksYes
Unlimited MIDI TracksYes
Plugin SupportVST, VST3
DeveloperCakewalk (formerly Twelve Tone Systems)
Latest VersionSONAR was discontinued. Its successor is Cakewalk by BandLab.
LicenseProprietary
Bit Depth32-bit (floating point)
Notable FeaturesProChannel, Skylight Interface

Summary

Introduction

About SONAR

Overview of SONAR's capabilities and its role as a digital audio workstation.

Installation and Setup

Steps for installing SONAR and configuring basic hardware and software.

Starting SONAR

Instructions on how to launch SONAR and access its main features.

SONAR Basics

Introduction to SONAR's interface, menus, toolbars, and fundamental concepts like projects.

Tutorials

Tutorial 1—The Basics

Learn fundamental SONAR operations like opening projects, setting outputs, and playback.

Tutorial 2—Recording MIDI

Guide to setting up the metronome and recording MIDI tracks with SONAR.

Tutorial 3—Recording Digital Audio

Covers setting up audio tracks, checking input levels, and recording digital audio.

Tutorial 4—Editing MIDI

Learn basic MIDI editing techniques like transposing, copying clips, and slip editing.

Tutorial 5—Editing Audio

Covers importing, dragging, looping, slip editing, and bouncing audio clips.

Tutorial 6—Using Groove Clips

Learn to add, loop, change pitch, and make Groove clips follow project tempo.

Tutorial 7—Mixing

Learn to add real-time effects, automate settings, group controls, and export mixes.

Tutorial 8—Using Soft Synths

Guide to inserting, playing, and converting DXi soft synths to audio.

Tutorial 9—Drum Maps

Learn to create drum maps, assign MIDI tracks, and use the Pattern Brush tool.

Tutorial 10—Cyclone DXi

Learn to open, play, and edit loops using Cyclone DXi.

Controlling Playback

The Now Time and How to Use It

Understanding and utilizing the project's current time indicator.

Controlling Playback

Learn how to manage project playback using tools, menus, and shortcuts.

Track-by-Track Playback

Control playback by changing the status of individual tracks.

Changing Track Settings

Adjust various track parameters like volume, pan, and output.

Locating Missing Audio

Troubleshooting steps for when SONAR cannot find audio files.

Recording

Creating a New Project

Setting project parameters like meter, tempo, and audio settings.

Preparing to Record

Steps to prepare for recording, including setting modes, inputs, and levels.

Recording Music from a MIDI Instrument

Guide to recording MIDI data using an external MIDI controller or keyboard.

Recording Audio

Instructions for recording digital audio, including checking input levels.

Input Monitoring

Learn how to monitor input signals in real time, including effects.

Loop Recording

Record multiple takes of a section by looping.

Punch Recording

Replace specific sections of a track with new recordings.

Step Recording

Record MIDI material by entering notes step-by-step.

Importing Music and Sound

Learn to import audio and MIDI files into a SONAR project.

Saving Your Work

Procedures for saving projects in various formats and managing auto-save.

Arranging

Arranging Tracks

Learn to rearrange, hide, move, copy, and delete tracks.

Arranging Clips

Methods for selecting, moving, copying, and pasting clips.

Markers and the Snap Grid

Use markers for project navigation and Snap Grid for accurate editing.

Clip Muting and Isolating (Clip Soloing)

Learn to mute or solo individual clips or time regions.

Changing Tempos

Incorporate tempo changes, gradual increases, or decreases into your project.

Undo, Redo, and the Undo History

Manage editing actions with Undo, Redo, and the Undo History.

Using Loops

The Loop Construction View

Create and edit Groove clips, including slicing and previewing.

Working with Loops

Learn to enable looping, create repetitions, and crop loops.

Working with Groove Clips

Understand how Groove clips adjust to tempo and pitch changes.

Editing MIDI Events and Controllers

The Piano Roll View

Add, edit, and delete notes and controller data graphically.

Selecting and Editing Events

Learn to transpose, shift, stretch, and reverse MIDI events.

Slip Editing MIDI (Non-destructive Editing)

Hide or reveal MIDI clip beginnings/ends without altering data.

Changing the Timing of a Recording

Modify note timing using Quantize or Fit to Improvisation.

The Event List View

View and edit all project events, including notes, controllers, and Sysx data.

MIDI Effects (MIDI Plug-ins)

Apply MIDI effects like arpeggios, echo/delay, and quantize.

Drum Maps and the Drum Grid Pane

Creating and Editing a Drum Map

Learn to create and manage drum maps for MIDI tracks.

Using Drum Maps

Assign MIDI tracks to drum maps and display tracks in the Drum Grid.

The Drum Grid Pane

Edit drum tracks, including note velocities and grid lines.

The Pattern Brush Tool

Insert and paint notes using custom or preset patterns.

Editing Audio

Basic Audio Editing

Perform fundamental editing tasks like cut, copy, paste, and split.

Basic Audio Processing

Modify audio data with volume changes, reversing, and equalization.

Advanced Audio Processing

Utilize commands for removing silence, fades, and crossfades.

Slip-editing Audio (Non-destructive Editing)

Hide or reveal audio clip beginnings/ends without altering data.

Fades and Crossfades

Create real-time and offline fades and crossfades for audio clips.

Audio Effects (Audio Plug-ins)

Apply DirectX plug-in audio effects to tracks and buses.

Working with Software Synthesizer

Synth Rack View

View, insert, delete, and configure DXi, VSTi, and ReWire synths.

DX Instruments (DXi’s)

Learn to insert, play, and convert DXi synths.

ReWire Instruments

Understand ReWire technology for transferring audio between applications.

Stand-alone Synths

Learn how to play and record sounds from stand-alone synths.

Using VST Synths and Plug-ins

Register and use VST plug-ins as DX plug-ins within SONAR.

Mixing and Effects Patching

Preparing to Mix

Overview of controls in Track and Console views for mixing.

Mixing MIDI

Control mixing and playback of MIDI tracks.

Routing and Mixing Digital Audio

Learn how audio clips are processed and sent to buses or main outs.

Metering

Understand and configure playback, record, bus, and main output meters.

Freeze Tracks and Synths

Temporarily bounce tracks and synths to save CPU power.

Using Real-Time Effects

Apply plug-in effects non-destructively in real time.

Using Control Groups

Link faders, knobs, or buttons into groups for synchronized control.

Bouncing Tracks

Combine multiple audio tracks into a submix or a new track.

Preparing Audio for Distribution

Export projects in various formats for CD burning or web distribution.

Surround Mixing

Surround Basics

Introduction to positioning audio sources around the listener.

Configuring SONAR for Surround Mixing

Set up SONAR for surround sound, including format templates and speaker assignments.

Panning in Surround

Control sound positioning around the listener using surround panners.

Surround Effects

Use stereo/mono effects as surround effects with SurroundBridge.

Using Automation

Quick Automation Guide

Summary of Console and Track view automation parameters and methods.

The Automation Toolbar

Access to powerful automation controls like Snapshot and Envelope/Offset modes.

Automation Methods

Record fader movements, draw envelopes, or use snapshots for automation.

Automating Effects

Automate DirectX plug-in effect parameters in real time.

Reassigning Envelopes

Change an envelope to control a different parameter.

Layouts, Templates and Key Bindings

Layouts

Save and load arrangements of views for specific project workflows.

Templates

Create new projects with predefined settings for ensembles or configurations.

Key Bindings

Associate SONAR commands with keyboard shortcuts for faster access.

Working with Notation and Lyrics

The Staff View

Edit music notation, guitar tablature, and fretboard representation.

Basic Musical Editing

Create and edit notes, pedal marks, expression marks, and hairpins.

Chords and Marks

Add and edit chord symbols, dynamic markings, and hairpin symbols.

Tablature

Display, generate, and edit guitar or bass MIDI tracks as tablature.

Printing

Print standard musical notation and project information.

The Meter/Key View

View, insert, and edit meter and key changes at measure boundaries.

Working with Lyrics

Create, edit, and display lyrics associated with notes in a track.

Using Instrument Definitions

Assigning Instruments

Assign MIDI instrument definitions to MIDI outputs and channels.

Importing Instrument Definitions

Add manufacturer-provided or downloaded instrument definitions.

Creating Instrument Definitions

Define new instruments by answering questions about patches, notes, and controllers.

Using System Exclusive Data

What Is System Exclusive?

Understand MIDI's System Exclusive messages and their proprietary nature.

Using the System Exclusive View

Manage Sysx banks and data using the list box and toolbar.

Sending Sysx Banks at Startup

Configure SONAR to send Sysx banks to instruments when opening projects.

Importing, Creating, and Dumping Sysx Banks

Learn methods to get Sysx banks into SONAR.

Editing Sysx Banks

Edit Sysx bank messages and manage Sysx view buttons.

Troubleshooting

Solutions for common issues with Sysx message reception and data errors.

Synchronizing Your Gear

Synchronization Overview

Understand different types of synchronization relying on various clock sources.

Choosing Clock Sources When SONAR is the Master

Select Internal or Audio clock sources when SONAR acts as the master.

MIDI Synchronization

Synchronize SONAR with external MIDI devices using MIDI Sync.

SMPTE/MIDI Time Code Synchronization

Synchronize SONAR with external devices using SMPTE/MTC.

MIDI Machine Control (MMC)

Control MMC-equipped remote devices via MIDI for transport functions.

Audio File Management

The Project Files Dialog

View and manage project audio files, filenames, and locations.

Project Files and Bundle Files

Understand the differences between .CWP project files and .CWB bundle files.

Audio Folders

Configure Global Audio Folder and Per-project Audio Folders.

Backing Up Projects with Digital Audio

Methods for backing up projects, including per-project folders and bundle files.

Deleting Unused Audio Files

Clean the audio folder by deleting unused digital audio files.

Improving Audio Performance

System Configuration

Optimize system settings and audio hardware for SONAR performance.

Improving Performance with Digital Audio

Address common problems with recording, playback, and real-time effects.

Appendix A: Troubleshooting

When I Play a File, I Don’t Hear Anything

Troubleshoot issues related to no sound output from SONAR.

I Can’t Record from My MIDI Instrument

Resolve problems when SONAR does not receive MIDI data.

When I Play a File Containing Audio, the Audio Portion Doesn’t Play

Troubleshoot issues where audio tracks are not playing.

I Can’t Record Any Audio

Solve problems related to failing to record any audio input.

My Track or Bus Fader is Maximized, But There’s No Sound or Level

Diagnose issues where faders are maximized but no sound is heard.

The Music Is Playing Back with the Wrong Instrument Sounds

Troubleshoot incorrect instrument sounds during playback.

How Do I Use SONAR to Access All the Sounds on My MIDI Instrument?

Learn to access custom instrument definitions for SONAR's MIDI sounds.

My Keyboard Doubles Every Note I Play

Resolve issues where notes are doubled or dropped due to MIDI echo.

I Don’t See the Clips Pane in the Track View

Troubleshoot the visibility of the Clips pane in the Track view.

Why Can’t SONAR Find My Audio Files?

Resolve issues where SONAR cannot locate audio files in specified directories.

I Get an a Error Message When I Change a Project to 24-bit Audio

Address error messages related to changing project bit depth.

Bouncing Tracks Takes a Long Time

Troubleshoot slow performance when bouncing tracks.

Why Do I Get Errors from the Wave Profiler?

Solve errors encountered while running the Wave Profiler utility.

I Hear an Echo When I Record

Eliminate echo issues during recording caused by input monitoring.

Audio Distorts at Greater than 16 Bits

Configure SONAR for higher bit depths to avoid audio distortion.

No Sound from My DXi

Troubleshoot sound issues with DX Instruments (DXi).

My Pro Audio 9 Files Sound Louder/Softer When I Open Them in SONAR

Adjust MIDI volume mapping settings for Pro Audio 9 files.

I Can’t Open My Project

Attempt to open projects using Safe Mode to bypass plug-in issues.

SONAR Can’t Find the Wavetable Synth or MPU401

Resolve issues where SONAR fails to find specific MIDI synths.

Appendix B: Hardware Setup

Connect Your MIDI Equipment

Connect MIDI keyboards and other devices using MIDI cables.

Set Up to Record Digital Audio

Configure sound card inputs for recording digital audio.

Appendix C: Cyclone

Overview

Illustrates Cyclone DXi views and controls.

Cyclone DXi Toolbar

Description of each Cyclone DXi toolbar button.

Pad Groups

Close-up view of a Cyclone DXi pad group controls.

Pad Inspector

Additional controls for pad groups, including output, MIDI, and pitch.

Loop Bin

Area to place and manage loops for use in Cyclone DXi.

Loop View and Key Map View

Displays loop content and triggers pads via MIDI keys.

Pad Editor

Edit tracks for each pad, composed of events representing slices or files.

Slice Inspector

Adjust pitch, gain, and pan offset controls for loop slices.

Using Cyclone DXi

Learn to insert DXi's, load loops, and audition them.

To Load Loops into Cyclone DXi

Methods to load loops into Cyclone DXi from various sources.

To Audition Loops

Listen to selected loops in the Loop bin.

Appendix D: New Features in SONAR 4

Surround Mixing

Overview of SONAR Producer's full surround mixing support.

SurroundBridge (Surround Effects Linker)

Use stereo or mono plug-ins within surround mixes.

Track Folders

Organize tracks into folders for quicker editing and screen space saving.

Slip-editing Multiple Clips

Perform Slip Editing on multiple MIDI and audio clips simultaneously.

Freeze Synths or Tracks

Temporarily bounce audio, saving CPU usage with Freeze options.

Loop Construction View Enhancements

Edit gain, pan, and pitch of individual Groove clip slices.

Audio Metronome

Option to use audio samples for the metronome sounds.

Clip Muting and Isolating (Clip Soloing)

Mute and solo individual clips or time regions for easier editing.

Video Thumbnails

Pane displaying individual video frames at regular intervals.

Enhanced Key Bindings

Import key bindings, use single-key commands, and more.

Enhanced Import/Export/Bounce Features

Preset controls for dialogs, exporting individual tracks, and friendly names.

Navigator Pane in the Track View

Provides an overview of the project for quick navigation and zooming.

Take Management and Comping Takes

Work with multiple takes in a single track for easier editing.

Audition (Selection Playback)

Play back only selected clips and/or time regions.

Nudge

Move clips or notes left/right or up/down using customizable settings.

Configurable Panning Laws

Choose different panning laws for mixing styles and project compatibility.

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