R&S FSL  WLAN TX Measurements (Option K91) 
1300.2519.12 2.141  E-11 
Quadrature Error 
An ideal I/Q modulator sets the phase angle to exactly 90 degrees. With a quadrature error, the phase 
angle between the I and Q vector deviates from the ideal 90 degrees, the amplitudes of both 
components are of the same size. In the vector diagram, the quadrature error causes the coordinate 
system to shift.  
A positive quadrature error means a phase angle greater than 90 degrees: 
A negative quadrature error means a phase angle less than 90 degrees: