RFL 9300 RFL Electronics Inc.
September 5, 2007 ix (973) 334-3100
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 2-1. Block diagram, RFL 9300 Charge Comparison System (two terminal)............................................................... 2
Figure 2-2. Logic diagram, composite fault detector ............................................................................................................ 14
Figure 2-3. Logic diagram, strong-feed trips (for 2- and 3- terminal systems)..................................................................... 15
Figure 2-4. Differential Characteristics for 9300 in 2- and 3- terminal modes ..................................................................... 16
Figure 2-5. Logic diagram, weak-feed trip (for 2- and 3- terminal systems) ........................................................................ 18
Figure 2-6. Logic diagram, switch-into-fault with communications (2- and 3- terminal systems) ....................................... 19
Figure 2-7. Logic diagram, ultra high-speed trip .................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 2-8. Logic diagram for open conductor and loss of load algorithm........................................................................... 21
Figure 2-9. Logic diagram, stub-bus applications................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 2-10. Logic diagram, switch-into-fault without communications.............................................................................. 25
Figure 2-11. Logic diagram, trip seal-in................................................................................................................................28
Figure 2-12. Logic diagram, DTT trip seal-in....................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 3-1. Voltage inversion ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Figure 3-2. Phase unbalance ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 3-3. High source-to-line impedance ratio .................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 3-4. Effect of infeed/outfeed........................................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 3-5. Strong bus tie........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 3-6. High-resistance ground fault with heavy through-load, causing an outfeed condition ........................................ 5
Figure 3-7. Polar diagram,....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 3-8. Prefault load subtraction eliminates generator angles .......................................................................................... 7
Figure 3-9. Currents before pre-fault subtraction.................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3-10. Currents after pre-fault subtraction..................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3- 11. Operation of the RFL 9300’s UHS circuit during an internal fault................................................................. 10
Figure 3-12. Operation of the RFL 9300’s UHS circuit during and external fault ............................................................... 10
Figure 3-13. Saturated main current transformers during close-in internal fault .................................................................. 11
Figure 3-14. External fault with very severe CT saturation at one end................................................................................. 13
Figure 3-15. Weak infeed application ................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 3-16. Double line-to-ground (DLG) fault.................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 3-17. Sub-bus protection............................................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 3-18. Typical tapped line application......................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 3-19. Transformer in-rush.......................................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 3-20. Zero-sequence current flows through transformer ........................................................................................... 22
Figure 3-21. Typical tapped line application......................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 3-22. Open conductor with two single-line-to-ground faults (OC/2-SLG) ............................................................... 25
Figure 3-23. Open conductor with one single-line-to-ground fault (OC/SLG)..................................................................... 26
Figure 3-24. Phasor analysis of ground strong-feed operation, based on a load current of 0.5 amperes or more, with the
SLG fault occurring on the load sending end side of the open conductor ..................................................................... 27
Figure 3-25. Phasor analysis of ground strong-feed operation, based on a load current of 0.5 amperes or more, with the
SLG fault occurring on the load receiving end side of the open conductor ................................................................... 28
Figure 3-26. Open conductor without single-line-to-ground fault........................................................................................ 29
Figure 3-27. Possible miscoordination of loss-of-load plus Zone 2 timer ............................................................................ 30
Figure 5-1. Mounting dimensions of RFL 9300 chassis without single pole option............................................................... 3
Figure 5-2. Mounting dimensions of RFL 9300 chassis with single pole option.................................................................... 4
Figure 5-3. Rear view, typical RFL 9300 Charge Comparison System .................................................................................. 6
Figure 5-4. Electrical connections between RFL 9300 and current transformers on protected line ....................................... 7
Figure 5-5. Electrical connections between RFL 9300 with optional test switch chassis and current transformers on
protected line.................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 5-6. Overview of a typical 9300 two-terminal installation .......................................................................................... 9
Figure 5-7. Overview of a typical RFL 9300 three-terminal installation................................................................................ 9
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