Codan Envoy - Sky Wave; Figure 86: the Reflective Properties of the Ionosphere

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HF RADIO TRANSMISSION

ENVOY™ TRANSCEIVER REFERENCE MANUAL 427

Sky wave

The sky wave is the most important form of HF propagation. The HF radio wave is

transmitted toward the sky and is reflected by the ionosphere to a distant receiver on

earth.

The reflective properties of the ionosphere change throughout the day, from season to

season, and yearly.

Figure 86: The reflective properties of the ionosphere

ionosphere

transmitter

receiver

emitted HF

radio wave

reflected HF

radio wave

refracted HF

radio wave

Main Page

Default Chapter3
- Table of Contents3
Introduction25
- Standards and Icons25
- The Envoy™ Transceiver26
Using the Wizard31
- Overview of the Wizard32
- Figure 6: Steps in the Wizard32
- Using the Wizard34
Operating the Transceiver46
- Switching the Transceiver on and off46
  - Switching on the Transceiver46
  - Switching off the Transceiver46
- The Channel Screen47
  - Figure 8: Channel Screen47
  - Figure 9: Scanning Screen48
  - Selecting a Channel49
  - Figure 10: Status Areas50
  - Selecting Information to be Shown in a Status Area50
  - Table 1: Information that May be Shown in the Status Areas50
  - Figure 11: Available Themes for the Display in the Control Point53
  - Selecting a Theme53
- Scanning Channels55
  - Switching Scanning on or off56
  - Pausing Scanning56
- Muting the Transceiver57
  - Switching Mute on or off57
  - Selecting the Mute Type58
- Using the Microphone59
- Manually Tuning the Antenna60
  - Selecting a Language61
  - Figure 12: Select Language Screen61
  - Setting the Time and Date62
- Setting the Brightness of the Display63
- Setting the Display Timeout64
  - Setting the Location of the Desk Console65
  - Figure 13: Connection between RFU and Desk Console Using65
  - Figure 14: Connection between RFU and Desk Console Using Ethernet Cables and Optional Switch66
- Calling67
  - Making a Call to a Contact67
  - Adding a Contact68
  - Making a Call from the Call History68
  - Making a Call from the Emergency Key69
  - General Calling70
  - Figure 15: Call Screen with Call Log70
  - Figure 16: Available Status Types for a Get Status Call in a Selcall83
- Using the Clarifier89
- Reducing Background Noise with Easitalk90
- Viewing Information about Your Transceiver91
  - Overview of Information in the Transceiver91
- Using GPS95
  - Overview of GPS95
  - Figure 17: GPS Screen95
  - Distance and Bearing96
  - Figure 18: Distance and Bearing96
  - Viewing GPS Information97
  - Table 2: GPS Information97
- Using Encryption99
  - Switching the Secure Feature on or off99
  - Selecting a Secure Key102
  - Changing the Privacy Code103
- Using a Crosspatch104
  - Overview of the 3031 Crosspatch104
  - Figure 19: Crosspatch Status104
  - Changing the Operating Mode of the Crosspatch105
- Upgrading the Transceiver Via a USB Stick106
- Entering a Password for an Option107
- Performing a Self-Test108
- Finding an RFU109
- Menu Structure112
- Figure 20: Typical Menu Screen112
- Figure 21: Menu Structure (Admin Level)113
- Navigating the Menu Structure114
- Figure 22: Navigation Indicator Showing Navigation Keys that114
- Overview of Basic and Advanced Views116
  - Basic View116
  - Advanced View116
  - Figure 23: Basic View (no Advanced View Indicator)116
  - Figure 24: Advanced View116
  - Switching between Basic and Advanced Views117
- Overview of User and Admin Levels118
  - User Level118
  - Admin Level118
  - Figure 25: User Level (no Admin Level Indicator)118
  - Figure 26: Admin Level118
  - Logging in to Admin Level119
  - Figure 27: Locked, Hidden and Advanced Indicators119
  - Logging out of Admin Level120
- Finding a Word or Value121
- Figure 28: Find Function121
- Selecting an Icon123
- Figure 29: Highlighted Icon123
- Selecting a Function from the Menu Bar124
- Figure 30: Functions on the Menu Bar124
- Entering Text in a Field125
  - Figure 31: Example of an Editable Text Field125
  - Figure 32: Character-Entry Mode Indicator126
  - Table 3: Character-Entry Mode126
  - Entering a Special Character (2220/2230)127
- Entering Text with the 2221 Handset128
- Selecting a Value from a List129
- Figure 33: List of Entries, with and Without Focus129
- Selecting/Deselecting a Check Box130
- Figure 34: Entry with a Check Box130
- Moving a Slider131
- Figure 35: a Slider Value131
- Changing the Order of Items in a List132
- Saving Your Changes133
- Figure 36: Screen that Has Changes to be Saved133
Structure of Information135
- Structure of User Information136
- Structure of Contact and Call Information137
- Figure 38: Structure of Call Information for a Contact in the137
Channels139
- Overview of Channels140
- Figure 39: Information for a Channel140
- Entries for a Channel141
- Working with Channels145
Scan Tables150
- Overview of Scan Tables150
- Figure 41: Information for a Scan Table151
- Entries for a Scan Table152
- Working with Scan Tables155
HF Networks162
- Overview of HF Networks162
- Figure 42: Information for an HF Network162
- Entries for an HF Network164
- Working with HF Networks169
Phone Links174
- Overview of Phone Links174
- Figure 43: Information for a Phone Link174
- Entries for a Phone Link175
- Working with Phone Links176
  - Adding a Phone Link176
Contacts179
- Overview of Contacts180
  - Figure 44: Information for a Contact180
  - Chain Call181
- Entries for a Contact182
- Working with Contacts185
Nets197
- Overview of Nets198
- Figure 46: Information for a NET198
- Entries for a NET200
- Working with Nets205
- Overview of Messages210
- Entering a Message211
Peripherals213
- Overview of Peripherals214
- Table 5: Peripherals214
- Selecting an Antenna216
- Selecting a Peripheral Device217
- Selecting a Power Amplifier218
- Entries for a Peripheral219
Settings225
- Overview of Settings226
- Settings > Control Point > General227
  - Welcome Image227
  - Welcome Text228
  - USB User Access228
  - Channel Scroll228
  - Show Channel Frequency229
  - Frequency Format229
  - Call Key Options229
  - Night Display Brightness230
- Night Display Start230
- Night Display Stop230
- Local Welcome Text230
- Brightness231
- Custom Brightness231
- Auto DIM Time231
- Key Beeps231
- Beeps and Tones232
- Theme232
- Night Theme232
- Show Background Image232
- Logging233
- Logging Level233
- Settings > Control Point > Status Area234
  - Status Area 1234
  - Status Area 2234
  - Figure 47: Status Areas234
  - Status Area 3235
  - Status Area 4235
  - Status Area 5235
  - Status Area 6235
  - User-Defined Text 1235
  - User-Defined Text 2236
- Settings > Control Point > Time and Date237
  - Time Zone237
  - Daylight Saving237
  - Clock Type237
  - Time Format237
  - Date Format238
- Settings > Control Point > Console239
  - Console Location239
  - Internal Speaker239
  - Console PTT240
  - Foot-Switch PTT240
  - Console External Alarm240
  - Console Easitalk Start State240
- Settings > Configuration > General241
  - Admin PIN241
  - Noise Limiter241
  - Voice Detect Sensitivity242
  - Power down Timeout242
  - Power down Time242
  - Easitalk Mode242
  - RF Pre-Amp242
  - Tx Power243
  - Low Power243
  - Medium Power243
  - High Power244
  - Easitalk Start State244
  - Default Selcall244
  - Handset AGC244
  - Handset PTT Beep245
  - System Lock Override245
  - Morse Timeout245
  - PTT Timeout245
  - Units246
  - Abandon Mode246
  - Command Line246
  - RFU Logging246
- Settings > Configuration > Factory247
- Settings > Connectors > RFU 15Way248
  - RFU Secure Audio248
- Settings > Connectors > RFU 6Way249
  - RFU 6Way Speed249
- Settings > Scan250
  - Auto Resume Mode250
  - Auto Resume Time250
  - Scan Mute251
  - Scan Voice Extend251
  - Scan Voice Max Pause251
- Settings > Calling > General252
  - Call Types for Contacts252
  - Call Types for New Call253
  - Show Phone Link Address253
  - Emergency Call Alarm253
  - Message Call Alarm254
  - Selective Call Alarm254
  - External Alarm254
  - Alert Tones255
  - Call Status Time255
  - Chain Call Pause255
  - In Call Timeout256
  - LBT Mode256
  - LBT Period257
  - LBT Data Sensitivity257
  - LBT Waveform257
  - Respond GPS258
  - Respond OTA259
- Settings > Calling > ALE260
  - ALE LQA Average261
  - ALE LQA Decay261
  - ALE Site Manager262
  - Table 6: Values for the ALE Site Manager Entry263
  - ALE Accept ALL Call264
  - ALE Accept any Call264
  - ALE Accept Wildcard Call265
  - ALE AMD Position265
  - Ale Ber266
  - ALE Call Scan266
  - ALE Scan Cycles267
  - ALE Call Threshold267
  - ALE Call Weighting268
  - ALE Golay268
  - ALE Hangup ALL Call269
  - ALE Hangup Phone Call269
  - ALE Hangup Voice Call269
  - ALE LQA Exchange270
  - ALE LQA Mapping270
  - ALE Retries270
  - ALE Selective Message271
  - ALE Silent Mode271
  - ALE Soundings271
- Settings > GPS272
  - GPS Detection Timeout272
  - GPS Show Options272
  - GPS Format Options273
  - Table 7: GPS Formats273
  - My Position274
  - Table 8: Format of My Position Information274
- Settings > Audio275
  - Ring Sidetone Volume275
  - Call Sidetone Volume275
- Settings > Security276
  - CES-128 Mode276
  - Privacy Code276
  - Standby after Selcall277
  - Secure User Access277
  - General Options278
  - Secure Start State278
  - CES Options278
  - CES Key Prefix279
  - Digital Key Prefix279
  - Digital Voice Options279
  - Digital Mute Start State279
- Settings > Connectivity280
  - IP Address280
  - Alias280
  - Network Mask280
  - DHCP Client281
Access Rights283
- Overview of Access Rights284
Keys and Macros286
- Overview of the Keypad and Macros286
- Figure 48: Power and Emergency Keys286
- Figure 49: Navigation Keys286
- Figure 50: Alphanumeric Keys286
- Figure 51: Function Keys (Desk Console Only)286
- Keypad287
- Table 9: Keys and Their Function287
- Macros290
- Entries for a Macro291
- Working with Macros293
- Examples of Macros301
  - Creating a Macro to Toggle a Setting301
- Overview of Modes304
- Available Modes304
- Table 11: Modes304
Free Tune305
- Overview of Free Tune306
- Table 12: Amateur Band Frequencies306
- Selecting a Free-Tune Frequency307
- Adding a Channel in Free Tune309
IP Remote Control312
- Direct Ethernet Connection312
- Figure 53: Direct Ethernet Connection313
- LAN Connection314
- Figure 54: LAN Connection315
- Point-To-Point WAN Connection316
- Figure 55: Point-To-Point WAN Connection316
- Point-To-Multipoint/Multipoint-To-Point WAN Connection317
- Connection318
Data Options320
- Overview of Data Options320
- 2.4 Kbit/S Data Modem321
- MIL/STANAG 2G Data330
  - Typical MIL/STANAG 2G Data Station330
  - Figure 58: Envoy™ X2 Transceiver with MIL/STANAG 2G331
- Data331
  - Setting up the Serial Connection332
  - Sending Email Via RC50-C333
- G Data Call334
  - Rm50E HF Data Modem335
    - Typical Rm50E Data Station335
- Modem336
  - Sending Email Via RC50-C337
Encryption339
- Overview of Encryption340
- Using Encryption343
- Setting up Encryption352
- CIVS Voice Scrambler359
- CES-128 Voice Encryption362
- Specifications402
Appendix A Installation411
- Mobile Stations412
- Fixed Stations429
Appendix B LED Indications448
Appendix C HF Radio Transmission448
- HF Radio Transmission448
- Frequency, Distance and Time of Day450
- Channels, HF Networks and Scanning451
- Etiquette for the Use of HF Radio452
- Table 40: the Phonetic Alphabet453
Appendix D Call Types and Features456
- Call Types456
- ALE Address Syntax464
- Call Log471
- Figure 87: Call Log471
- Call History472
- Figure 88: Call History and Details472
- Figure 89: Last Heard Log473
- Last Heard Log473
- Group Calls in a Codan Selcall HF Network474
- Using Multiple Addresses for Calls in an ALE/CALM HF Network475
- Sending Recognised Keywords with a Call476
- Table 45: Recognised Keywords and Their Associated476
Appendix E Definitions480
- Acronyms and Abbreviations480
- Glossary483
- Units488
- Unit Multipliers489
- About this Issue490
Appendix F Compliance492
- Overview492
- European R&TTE Directive492
- EMC and Safety Notices494
- FCC Compliance497
  - FCC Part 90 Certification497
  - FCC Part 15 Compliance497
- IC Certification498
  - Product Markings and Labelling498
- RCM Approval498
Appendix G Licence Information500
- Open Source Components500

Codan Envoy - Sky Wave; Figure 86: the Reflective Properties of the Ionosphere

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