B-5
Appendix B: Glossary
The host on the network that has this IP address replies with its physical
hardware address. Most often used in Ethernet networks using IPv4. For more
information about ARP, see RFC 826 (at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0826.txt).
ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork. The world’s first operational
packet-switching network composed of mostly educational entities. ARPA-
NET was a precursor to the Internet.
AS Autonomous system. A network, or group of networks, controlled by a single
organization.
ASP Application Service Provider. A company that offers software applications to
individuals or enterprises from centralized data centers over the Internet.
Asynchronous A method of data transmission that allows devices to send data at non-
predetermined intervals by preceding and ending each packet with a start bit
and stop bit.
AT Command Set Hayes Attention Commands. AT commands are modem commands, prefaced
by the characters “AT” in the command line code, which control the modem’s
dialing, timers, error handling, and tests.
ATCP AppleTalk Control Protocol. A network control protocol (NCP) in the Point-
to-Point Protocol (PPP) suite, ATCP is used to exchange AppleTalk packets
over a WAN link. See also NCP.
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A cell relay network protocol that encodes data
traffic into small, fixed-sized cells instead of variable sized packets. These
cells are 53 bytes—48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information. ATM
enables the high-speed transfer of voice, video, images, graphics, and data
through public and private networks. For more information about ATM, see
RFC 2225 (at http://www.mfaforum.org/tech/atm_specs.shtml).
Authentication The process of confirming a device’s or a user’s identity before granting a
network connection. Authentication can be implemented through the use of
passwords or keys. A RADIUS or TACACS+ server can handle authentication
for the entire network.
Authentication
Protocols
Protocols that allow the peers in a connection to verify each other’s identity.
In the PPP protocol suite, authentication protocols include PAP, CHAP, and
EAP. See also CHAP, EAP, PAP, and PPP.
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