Figure 1.9. Hardware Space
The Hardware Space will have a variety of components on it. The components of interest are as follows:
1. Scan Processor: This module generates the X and Y scan signals, along with the scan offsets, scan
rotation, drift correction, and other features devoted to tip positioning.
2. High Voltage Scan and Inertial Motion Drive Outputs: The High Voltage Block accepts the XYZ
Scan Signals as its input. The parameters of the High Voltage Block can be changed to control any
scan head. For more information about how to configure the High Voltage Block, please see
Appendix E, Configuring the High Voltage Block.
3. Microscope: The Microscope block describes the piezo configuration and calibrations.
4. Preamp, Bias Drive Amplifier, and IVP-R9: This piece of hardware is an interface located at the scan
head that provides a match between the differential inputs/outputs of the R9 Controller single-ended
signals on the scan head. The R9 Controller generates a differential bias signal (both +bias and -bias)
that is received by the IVP-R9 and is turned into a single-ended bias signal to be fed into the STM. The
STM preamp signal is fed into the IVP-R9 and is turned into a differential (+current, -current) signal that
is then sent to the differential input of the R9. Using differential transmission on the signals between
the scan head and the R9 Controller help maintain signal purity and eliminate noise picked up from the
environment.
5. ADC Input: There are numerous inputs for analog signals in the R9 Controller. Each input is
connected to a dedicated ADC. There are several different types of ADCs that are optimized for
various types of signals. The ADC shown has programmable gain and offset. The ADC is connected to
an internal lock-in amplifier that can be used to demodulate the input signal or act as a digital filter.
6. Z Feedback Controller: R9s has several PI controllers that can be flexibly configured for a wide
variety of purposes.
7. Measure Items: This is a special R9s Hardware Item. Connecting a Measure Item to one of the 40
internal data channels configures R9 to include that data in the experimental data collection.
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