D950/Vista Digital Mixing System
Date printed: 05.08.03 SW V3.3 ConfigTool 7-33
7.4.3.4.2 The Concept of Stems
For Film style mixing, bits and pieces of film sound are put together from
a variety of surround formats, ranging from mono to eight channels. Very
often, there may be hundreds of audio sources that need to be mixed to-
gether and put into the right spatial image. In order to bring some order to
such a vast number of sources and formats, a concept of Stems is often
used.
A Stem is a group of sounds (i.e., audio summing buses) that belong to-
gether. Stems can be 1-channel to 8-channel wide. For example, a console
may be configured to have:
2 Stereo stems for music
3 LCR stems for simple effects
1 5.1 stem for effects
1 Stereo stem for dialog, etc.
1 8-CH stem for effects
2 Dolby Surround (4-CH) stems for predubs
The basic Stem setup is defined in the Session Configuration – the num-
ber, type and assignment of Stem buses is fixed. In the Studer D950/Vista
GC, there are controls for dynamic Stem setup and for assignments of the
related recorder tracks. In this way, the Stem setup may be changed dy-
namically as the need arises.
The restriction to the total number of Stems is the number of buses for a
certain Session Configuration. Studer D950/Vista Master, Mono Group
and/or Track buses are used to build a system of Stems (each stem consists
of a number of buses) up to a maximum of 104 Stem buses at any time.
Stereo stem for music
Stereo stem for music
LCR stem for simple effects
LCR stem for simple effects
LCR stem for simple effects
5.1 stem for effects
Stereo stem for dialog, etc.
8-CH stem for effects
Dolby Surround (4-CH) stems for predubs
Dolby Surround (4-CH) stems for predubs
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