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HAPTER

| General IP Routing

IP Routing and Switching

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Figure 261: Virtual Interfaces and Layer 3 Routing

IP ROUTING AND SWITCHING

IP Switching (or packet forwarding) encompasses tasks required to forward

packets for both Layer 2 and Layer 3, as well as traditional routing. These

functions include:

◆ Layer 2 forwarding (switching) based on the Layer 2 destination MAC

address

◆ Layer 3 forwarding (routing):

■

Based on the Layer 3 destination address

■

Replacing destination/source MAC addresses for each hop

■

Incrementing the hop count

■

Decrementing the time-to-live

■

Verifying and recalculating the Layer 3 checksum

If the destination node is on the same subnetwork as the source network,

then the packet can be transmitted directly without the help of a router.

However, if the MAC address is not yet known to the switch, an Address

Resolution Protocol (ARP) packet with the destination IP address is

VLAN 1

VLAN 2

Inter-subnet traffic (Layer 3 switching)

Routing

Unt

Untagged

Unt

Untagged

Tagged or Untagged

Intra-subnet traffic (Layer 2 switching)

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