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synonymous with “an image” or “a
photo”: to make an exposure = to take
a picture. Exposure also refers to the
amount of light hitting the image sensor,
and to systems for measuring this. See
also Overexposure, Underexposure.
Ev (Exposure value) A standardized unit
of exposure. 1 Ev halves or doubles
the amount of light and is equivalent
to 1 “stop” in traditional photographic
parlance.
Extension rings/Extension tubes Hollow
tubes which fit between the camera
tube and lens, used to allow greater
magnifications.
f-number Lens aperture expressed as a
fraction of focal length; f/2 is a wide
aperture and f/16 is narrow.
Fast (lens) Lens with a wide maximum
aperture, e.g. f1.8. f/4 is relatively fast
for long telephotos.
Fill-in flash Flash used in combination
with daylight. Used with naturally backlit
or harshly side-lit subjects to prevent
dark shadows.
Filter A piece of glass or plastic placed in
front of, within, or behind the lens to
modify light.
Firmware Software which controls the
camera. Updates are issued by Nikon
from time to time and can be transferred
to the camera via a memory card.
Focal length The distance (in mm) from
the optical center of a lens to the point
at which light is focused.
Focal length multiplication factor
Because the D5300’s sensor is smaller
than a frame of 35mm film, the effective
focal length of all lenses is multiplied by
a factor of 1.5.
fps (frames per second) The number of
exposures (photographs) that can be
taken in a second. The D5300’s maximum
rate is 6fps.
Highlights The brightest areas of the scene
and/or the image.
Histogram A graph representing the
distribution of tones in an image, ranging
from pure black to pure white.
ISO (International Standards
Organization) ISO ratings express film
speed and the sensitivity of digital sensors
is quoted as ISO-equivalent.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts
Group) A compressed image file
standard. High levels of JPEG compression
can reduce files to about 5% of their
original size, but there may be some loss
of quality.
LCD (Liquid crystal display) Flat screen,
such as the D5300’s rear monitor.
Macro A term used to describe close
focusing and the close-focusing ability
of a lens. A true macro lens has a
reproduction ratio of 1:1 or better.
Megapixel See Pixel.
Noise Image interference manifested as
random variations in pixel brightness
and/or color.
Overexposure When too much light
reaches the sensor, resulting in a
235
THE EXPANDED GUIDE
GLOSSARY
Nikon D5300 Ch9 220-237 P2 RY.indd 235Nikon D5300 Ch9 220-237 P2 RY.indd 235 20/02/2014 14:2720/02/2014 14:27
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