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General| Manufacturer | AMD |
|---|---|
| Model | K5 |
| Architecture | x86 |
| Microarchitecture | K5 |
| Introduction Year | 1996 |
| Clock Speed | 75 - 133 MHz |
| Core Count | 1 |
| Socket | Socket 7 |
| Core stepping | SSA/5, 5k86 |
| Voltage | 3.3V |
| Transistors | 4.3 million |
| L1 Cache | 8 KB (data) + 16 KB (instruction) |
| FSB | 50 MHz to 66 MHz |
| Process Technology | 350 nm |
Details the AMD-K5 processor's compatibility, performance, low-power, and test/debug features.
Explains the processor's instruction prefetch and predecode logic for efficient instruction fetching.
Describes the five-stage execution pipeline (Fetch, Decode, Execute, Result, Retire) and its impact on performance.
Details the 16-Kbyte instruction and 8-Kbyte data caches, including their organization and coherency.
Covers the MMU's role in virtual-to-physical address translation and its TLBs for paging.
Explains CR4 bits for enabling features like global pages, VME, and PVI.
Describes MSRs like MCAR, MCTR, TSC, AAR, and HWCR accessed via RDMSR/WRMSR.
Introduces new instructions such as CPUID, CMPXCHG8B, RDTSC, RDMSR, WRMSR, and RSM.
Provides techniques for optimizing code for superscalar execution and AMD-K5 specific features.
Details functional unit usage and relative cycle numbers for instruction dispatch and execution.
Summarizes the processor's signals, their I/O types, and functional groups.
Provides detailed descriptions of individual bus signals, their behavior, and timing characteristics.
Summarizes bus cycle features: definition, addressing, alignment, and priorities.
Illustrates the timing and relationship of bus signals during various bus transactions.
Covers memory configuration, bus speeds, and DRAM timing for system board designers.
Discusses methods for controlling shared memory access and maintaining cache coherency.
Summarizes SMM state-save area, entry/exit, exceptions, and interrupts.
Explains processor and bus clock control for power management, including stop states.
Describes the HWCR for enabling cache, branch tracing, debug, and clock control functions.
Details normal and TAP BIST modes for testing internal hardware like caches and TLBs.
Explains the Output-Float Test mode to test board trace integrity by floating output signals.
Covers testing of cache and TLB arrays using the Array Access Register (AAR).
Discusses standard debug functions, registers (DR7-DR0), and I/O breakpoint extension.
Explains branch tracing enablement and the special bus cycles generated for branch information.
Describes the master-checker test mode for real-time system testing.
Details the JTAG boundary-scan testing standard implemented by the processor.
Details the hardware debug tool (HDT) and its activation via R/S or TAP instruction.
Compares the AMD-K5 processor's bus signals with those of the Pentium and 486 processors.
Details differences in bus interface operations between AMD-K5 and Pentium processors.
Explains differences in bus mastering operations and snooping behavior compared to Pentium.
Highlights differences in memory management features, like TLB refills and page faults.
Compares power-saving features such as STPCLK and SMM interrupt handling.
Details differences in exception handling, such as limit faults and task switches.
Outlines differences in debug functions, including branch trace messages and breakpoint matches.
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