Advanced-control timers (TIM1) RM0091
248/742 Doc ID 018940 Rev 1
Hints on using center-aligned mode:
● When starting in center-aligned mode, the current up-down configuration is used. It
means that the counter counts up or down depending on the value written in the DIR bit
in the TIMx_CR1 register. Moreover, the DIR and CMS bits must not be changed at the
same time by the software.
● Writing to the counter while running in center-aligned mode is not recommended as it
can lead to unexpected results. In particular:
– The direction is not updated if you write a value in the counter that is greater than
the auto-reload value (TIMx_CNT>TIMx_ARR). For example, if the counter was
counting up, it continues to count up.
– The direction is updated if you write 0 or write the TIMx_ARR value in the counter
but no Update Event UEV is generated.
● The safest way to use center-aligned mode is to generate an update by software
(setting the UG bit in the TIMx_EGR register) just before starting the counter and not to
write the counter while it is running.
15.3.11 Complementary outputs and dead-time insertion
The advanced-control timers (TIM1) can output two complementary signals and manage the
switching-off and the switching-on instants of the outputs.
This time is generally known as dead-time and you have to adjust it depending on the
devices you have connected to the outputs and their characteristics (intrinsic delays of level-
shifters, delays due to power switches...)
You can select the polarity of the outputs (main output OCx or complementary OCxN)
independently for each output. This is done by writing to the CCxP and CCxNP bits in the
TIMx_CCER register.
The complementary signals OCx and OCxN are activated by a combination of several
control bits: the CCxE and CCxNE bits in the TIMx_CCER register and the MOE, OISx,
OISxN, OSSI and OSSR bits in the TIMx_BDTR and TIMx_CR2 registers. Refer to Tab l e 4 5 :
Output control bits for complementary OCx and OCxN channels with break feature on
page 282 for more details. In particular, the dead-time is activated when switching to the
IDLE state (MOE falling down to 0).
Dead-time insertion is enabled by setting both CCxE and CCxNE bits, and the MOE bit if the
break circuit is present. There is one 10-bit dead-time generator for each channel. From a
reference waveform OCxREF, it generates 2 outputs OCx and OCxN. If OCx and OCxN are
active high:
● The OCx output signal is the same as the reference signal except for the rising edge,
which is delayed relative to the reference rising edge.
● The OCxN output signal is the opposite of the reference signal except for the rising
edge, which is delayed relative to the reference falling edge.
If the delay is greater than the width of the active output (OCx or OCxN) then the
corresponding pulse is not generated.
The following figures show the relationships between the output signals of the dead-time
generator and the reference signal OCxREF. (we suppose CCxP=0, CCxNP=0, MOE=1,
CCxE=1 and CCxNE=1 in these examples)
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