EXi: AL-1 Analog Synthesizer
176
8–2a: LFO 1
Waveform [Triangle…Random6 (Continuous)]
This selects the basic LFO waveform, as shown in the
graphic below.
Most of the waveforms should be self-explanatory, but a few
will benefit from more details:
Guitar is intended for guitar vibrato, and its shape is
specifically tuned for this purpose. The waveform is
positive-only, so that when used for pitch, it will only bend
up, and not down.
Random1 (S/H) generates traditional sample and hold
waveforms, in which the level changes randomly at fixed
intervals of time.
Random2 (S/H) randomizes both the levels and the timing.
Random3 (S/H) generates a pulse wave with random
timing. It’s the opposite of traditional sample and hold; the
timing varies, but the levels don’t.
Random4-6 (Continuous) are smoothed versions of
Random 1–3, with ramps instead of steps. You can use them
to create more gentle random variations.
Start Phase [-180…+180, Random]
This controls the phase of the waveform at the start of the
note, in steps of 5 degrees.
If Key Sync is On, the Start Phase will apply only to the first
note of the phrase.
Shape [–99…+99]
Shape adds curvature to the basic waveform. As you can see
in the graphic below, this can make the waveforms either
more rounded or more extreme. It can also be useful to
emphasize certain value ranges, and de-emphasize others.
For example, let’s say that you are using a triangle LFO to
modulate filter cutoff. If Shape emphasizes the high value
range, the filter will spend more time at the higher
frequencies. If it emphasizes the low range, the filter will
spend more time at the lower frequencies.
LFO Shape
Note: Shape does not affect the Square and Random 3
waveforms, since their values are always either +99 or -99.
When these are selected, Shape is grayed out.
AMS [List of AMS Sources]
This selects a modulation source for controlling the LFO’s
Shape. Modulating the shape can dramatically alter the
effect of the LFO–try it out!
For a list of AMS sources, see “Alternate Modulation Source
(AMS) List” on page 901.
Intensity [–99…+99]
This controls the depth and direction of the modulation.
Frequency [00…99]
This controls the speed of the LFO, before any modulation.
Higher values mean faster speeds, as shown in the table
below.
By using AMS modulation, you can also get speeds much
faster and much slower than are available through this basic
setting.
Fine [00…99]
This allows you to control the LFO frequency with greater
precision, giving you 98 additional steps for each step of the
main Frequency parameter.
When this is set to 00, the LFO speed is as set by the
Frequency parameter.
When this is set to 99, it’s the same as increasing the main
Frequency value by 1.
Stop [Off, On]
On (checked): When Stop is On, the LFO does not advance
normally, and the Frequency parameters are ignored.
Instead, the LFO simply generate its very first value (as
Square
Sine
Saw
Triangle Step Triangle-4
Step Saw-6
Step Saw-4
Step Triangle-6
Exponential
Saw Down
Exponential
Triangle
Guitar
Exponential
Saw Up
Random1
(S/H)
Random2
(S/H)
Random3
(S/H)
Random4
(Continuous)
Random6
(Continuous)
Random5
(Continuous)
99
0
99
Shape = 0 (original waveform)
Shape = +99
Frequency Value Frequency in Hz
00 0.014 Hz
10 0.112 Hz
20 0.422 Hz
30 0.979 Hz
40 1.79 Hz
50 2.84 Hz
60 4.14 Hz
70 5.69 Hz
80 7.49 Hz
90 9.53 Hz
99 26.25 Hz
99 + Fine 99 32 Hz
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