17
.16Glossaryofweatherterms
T
ermDefinition
ColdfrontTheboundarybetweentwodifferentairmasseswherecoldairpusheswarmairoutofthewayandbringscolderweather
.
CycloneAlargeareaoflowatmosphericpressure
,characterizedbyinwardspirallingwinds.A“low”alsocalleda“depression”.Alsothe
nameusedforahurricaneintheIndianOceanandWesternPacific.
Depression
Anareaoflowpressure
.Alsocalledacyclone.
Dryline
Aregionwherethereisastronggradientindewpointtemperatures.Itisoftenfoundinaregionwherestrongthunderstormsdevelop
.
Forecast
Apredictionwhichinformsuswhattheweatherisgoingtobelik
ewithinaspecificlocation.
Front
Theboundarybetweentwomassesofairwithdifferenttemperatures(i. e.amassofcoldairandamassofwarmair).
High
Alsoknownasan'anticyclone '—anareaofhighatmosphericpressurewithasystemofwindsrotatingoutwards.Thisusually
meansdryweather.Itistheoppositeofa'low'.
HighPressure
AmassofairthatpressesdownstronglyonthesurfaceoftheEarthbecauseitisbeingcooledandisthereforemoredense .
Hurricane
Aviolent,spirallingstormthatformsovertheA tlanticOcean,withwindsover120kph.Suchstormsusuallyhavealifespanofseveral
days.Alsoknownasatyphoonortropicalcyclone.Thereare5levelsofhurricane:
•Category1—Winds74–95mph(64–82ktor119–153km/hr).Stormsurgegenerally4–5ftabovenormal.Norealdamageto
buildingstructures.Damageprimarilytounanchoredmobilehomes,shrubbery,andtrees.Somedamagetopoorlyconstructed
signs.Also,somecoastalroadfloodingandminorpierdamage.
•Category2—Winds96–110mph(83–95ktor154–177km/hr).Stormsurgegenerally6–8feetabovenormal.Someroofing
material,door,andwindowdamageofbuildings.Considerabledamagetoshrubberyandtreeswithsometreesblowndown.
Considerabledamagetomobilehomes,poorlyconstructedsigns,andpiers.Coastalandlowlyingescaperoutesflood2–4hours
beforearrivalofthehurricanecentreSmallcraftinunprotectedanchoragesbreakmoorings.
•Category3—Winds111–130mph(96–113ktor178–209km/hr).Stormsurgegenerally9–12ftabovenormal.Somestructural
damagetosmallresidencesandutilitybuildingswithaminoramountofcurtainwallfailures.Damagetoshrubberyandtrees
withfoliageblownofftreesandlargetreesblowndown.Mobilehomesandpoorlyconstructedsignsaredestroyed.Lowlying
escaperoutesarecutbyrisingwater3–5hoursbeforearrivalofthecentreofthehurricane.Floodingnearthecoastdestroys
smallerstructureswithlargerstructuresdamagedbybatteringfromfloatingdebris.T erraincontinuouslylowerthan5ftabove
meansealevelmaybefloodedinland8miles(13km)ormore.Evacuationoflowlyingresidenceswithseveralblocksofthe
shorelinemayberequired.
•Category4—Winds131–155mph(114–135ktor210–249km/hr).Stormsurgegenerally13–18ftabovenormal.Moreextensive
curtainwallfailureswithsomecompleteroofstructurefailuresonsmallresidences.Shrubs,trees,andallsignsareblowndown.
Completedestructionofmobilehomes.Extensivedamagetodoorsandwindows.Lowlyingescaperoutesmaybecutbyrising
water3–5hoursbeforearrivalofthecentreofthehurricane.Majordamagetolowerfloorsofstructuresneartheshore.T errain
lowerthan10ftabovesealevelmaybefloodedrequiringmassiveevacuationofresidentialareasasfarinlandas6miles(10km).
•Category5—Windsgreaterthan155mph(135ktor249km/hr).Stormsurgegenerallygreaterthan18ftabovenormal.Complete
rooffailureonmanyresidencesandindustrialbuildings.Somecompletebuildingfailureswithsmallutilitybuildingsblownoveror
Chartapp-W eathermode
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