Lantronix SISPM1040-xxxx-L3 Web User Guide
33856 Rev. A https://www.lantronix.com/ 145
Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree Protocols are OSI layer-2 protocols which ensure a loop free topology for any bridged LAN.
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links
between switches, bridges or routers. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (that is, an
STP-compliant switch, bridge or router) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two
stations on the network and provide backup links which automatically take over when a primary link goes down.
STP - STP uses a distributed algorithm to select a bridging device (STP- compliant switch, bridge or router) that
serves as the root of the spanning tree network. It selects a root port on each bridging device (except for the root
device) which incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet from that device to the root device. Then it
selects a designated bridging device from each LAN which incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet
from that LAN to the root device. All ports connected to designated bridging devices are assigned as designated
ports. After determining the lowest cost spanning tree, it enables all root ports and designated ports, and disables
all other ports. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between root ports and designated ports, eliminating
any possible network loops.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data
Units) transmitted from the Root Bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval
(Maximum Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the Root Bridge is down. This bridge will then initiate
negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the network to reestablish a valid network topology.
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