Mips Technologies R4000 - Page 261

Mips Technologies R4000

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MIPS R4000 Microprocessor User's Manual 231

Clock Interface

Figure 10-3 Processor Clocks, PClock-to-SClock Division by 2

Cycle

1 2 3 4

MasterClock

t

MCkHigh

t

MCkLow

t

MCkP

MasterOut

PClock

SClock

TClock

RClock

SysAD Driven

D D D D

t

DM

t

DO

SysAD Received

D D D D

t

DS

t

DH

Table of Contents

Default Chapter14
- Table of Contents14
Introduction32
- Benefits of RISC Design32
- Compatibility36
- Processor General Features36
- R4000 Processor Configurations37
- R4400 Processor Enhancements37
- R4000 Processor39
CPU Instruction Set Summary65
- CPU Instruction Formats66
The CPU Pipeline73
- CPU Pipeline Operation74
- CPU Pipeline Stages75
- Branch Delay78
- Load Delay78
- Interlock and Exception Handling79
- R4400 Processor Uncached Store Buffer89
- Memory Management91
Memory Management92
- Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB)92
  - Hits and Misses92
  - Multiple Matches92
- Address Spaces93
- System Control Coprocessor110
CPU Exception Processing130
- How Exception Processing Works130
- Exception Processing Registers131
Output Buffer ∆I/∆T Control Mechanism137
- Mode Bits137
- Processor Exceptions149
- Exception Handling and Servicing Flowcharts174
Floating-Point Unit182
- Overview182
- FPU Features183
- FPU Programming Model184
- Floating-Point Formats194
- Binary Fixed-Point Format196
- Floating-Point Instruction Set Overview197
- FPU Instruction Pipeline Overview202
Floating-Point Exceptions217
- Exception Types218
- Exception Trap Processing219
- Flags220
- FPU Exceptions222
- Saving and Restoring State227
- Trap Handlers for IEEE Standard 754 Exceptions228
R4000 Processor Signal Descriptions229
- System Interface Signals231
- Clock/Control Interface Signals233
- Secondary Cache Interface Signals235
- Interrupt Interface Signals237
- JTAG Interface Signals237
- Initialization Interface Signals238
- Signal Summary239
Initialization Interface243
- Functional Overview244
- Reset Signal Description245
- Initialization Sequence248
- Warm Reset251
Subblock Ordering252
- Sequential Ordering252
Clock Interface257
- Signal Terminology258
- Basic System Clocks259
- System Timing Parameters263
- Connecting Clocks to a Phase-Locked System264
- Connecting Clocks to a System Without Phase Locking265
  - Connecting to a Gate-Array Device265
  - Connecting to a CMOS Logic System268
- Processor Status Outputs271
Cache Organization, Operation, and Coherency274
- Memory Organization274
- Overview of Cache Operations275
- R4000 Cache Description276
- Cache States285
- Cache Line Ownership288
- Cache Write Policy289
- Cache State Transition Diagrams290
- Cache Coherency Overview294
- Maintaining Coherency on Loads and Stores299
- Manipulation of the Cache by an External Agent300
- Coherency Conflicts301
- R4000 Processor Synchronization Support316
System Interface324
- Terminology324
- System Interface Description324
  - Interface Buses325
    - Address and Data Cycles326
    - Issue Cycles326
  - Handshake Signals328
- System Interface Protocols329
- Processor and External Requests332
- Handling Requests348
- Processor and External Request Protocols359
  - Processor Request Protocols360
  - External Request Protocols371
- Data Rate Control386
- System Interface Cycle Time391
- System Interface Commands and Data Identifiers394
Secondary Cache Interface409
- Data Transfer Rates410
- Duplicating Signals410
- Accessing a Split Secondary Cache411
- Scdchk Bus411
- SCTAG Bus411
- Operation of the Secondary Cache Interface412
  - Read Cycles413
  - Write Cycles415
JTAG Interface419
- What Boundary Scanning Is420
- Signal Summary421
- JTAG Controller and Registers422
- Implementation-Specific Details430
R4000 Processor Interrupts431
- Hardware Interrupts432
- Nonmaskable Interrupt (NMI)432
- Asserting Interrupts432
Error Checking and Correcting438
- Error Checking in the Processor438
- R4400 Master/Checker Mode460
- Delay Times720
- Cpu Board721
R4000 Pinouts732
- Pinout of R4000PC732
- Pinout of R4000MC/SC Package Pinout735