• Toe is measured in degrees or inches and is the
difference in width between the centered leading and
trailing edges of the tires on the same axle (Fig. 3).
Toe-in means that the front width is more narrow
than the rear. Toe-out means that the front width is
wider than the rear.
• Thrust Angle is defined as the average of the toe
settings on each rear wheel. If this measurement is
out of specification, readjust the rear wheel toe so
that each wheel has 1/2 of the total toe measure-
ment. When readjusting, do not exceed the total toe
specification.
Wheel alignment on this vehicle is to be checked
and all alignment adjustments are to be made with
the vehicle standing at its curb height specification.
Curb height is the riding height of the vehicle mea-
sured from a certain point on the vehicle to the
ground while the vehicle is setting on a flat, level
surface.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
SUSPENSION AND STEERING DIAGNOSIS
CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTION
Front End Whine On Turns 1. Defective wheel bearing 1. Replace wheel bearing
2. Incorrect wheel alignment 2. Check and reset wheel alignment
3. Worn tires 3. Replace tires
Front End Growl Or
Grinding On Turns
1. Defective wheel bearing 1. Replace wheel bearing
2. Engine mount grounding 2. Check for motor mount hitting frame
rail and reposition engine as required
3. Worn or broken C/V joint 3. Replace C/V joint
4. Loose wheel lug nuts 4. Verify wheel lug nut torque
5. Incorrect wheel alignment 5. Check and reset wheel alignment
6. Worn tires 6. Replace tires
7. Front strut pin in upper strut mount 7. Replace the front strut upper mount
and bearing
Front End Clunk Or Snap
On Turns
1. Loose lug nuts 1. Verify wheel lug nut torque
Fig. 2 Caster
1 – POSITIVE
2 – NEGATIVE
Fig. 3 Toe
1 – TOE-IN
2 – TOE-OUT
2 - 2 SUSPENSION LH
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
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