Concepts and features
R&S
®
ZNA
263User Manual 1178.6462.02 ─ 29
A nonlinear behavior of the DUT causes emissions at frequencies which correspond to
sums and differences of the upper and lower tone frequencies and their integer multi-
ples. These intermodulation products can be near the upper and lower tone frequen-
cies, as long as their order is odd.
The analyzer measures the intermodulation products of k
th
order IMk (where k = 3, 5,
7, 9) at the lower tone frequency minus (k – 1)/2 times the tone distance and at the
upper tone frequency plus (k – 1)/2 times the tone distance; see also "Intermodulation
measurement results" on page 267.
For a two-port R&S ZNA without Internal 2nd source and 2nd LO generator for 2-port
R&S ZNA, a test setup with an external generator and an external combiner is
required.
VNA
1 2
Upper Tone
DUT
1 2
Lower Tone
The lower tone signal is generated at port 1, the upper tone is provided by the external
generator. Both signals are combined externally and fed to the DUT input. The intermo-
dulation quantities can be measured at the DUT output (transmitted wave b2). It is pos-
sible to interchange the ports no. 1 and 2.
For a two-port R&S ZNA with Internal 2nd source and 2nd LO generator for 2-port
R&S ZNA, an external generator is not required. The two sources can be combined
internally or externally. However, with two ports the upper tone source port is identical
to the receive port.
For a 4-port R&S ZNA, you can use any combination of analyzer ports that are sup-
plied by different internal sources to generate the lower and upper tones. In the follow-
ing example, port 3 replaces the external generator.
Optional extensions and accessories
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