play. It should be mentioned that the IPv6 supports such address configuration methods as
the stateful and the stateless. In the IPv4, the dynamical host configuration protocol (DHCP)
implements the automatic setting of the host IP address and related configuration, while the
IPv6 inherits this auto-configuration service of the IPv4 and refers to it as the Stateful
Auto-configuration. Furthermore, the IPv6 also adopts an auto-configuration service,
referred to as the Stateless Auto-configuration. During the stateless auto-configuration, the
host obtains the local address of the link, the address prefix of local router and some other
related configuration information automatically.
Security
The IPSec is an optional extended protocol of the IPv4, while it is only a component of the
IPv6 and used to provide the IPv6 with security. At present, the IPv6 implements the
Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP) mechanisms. Where,
the former authenticates the integrity of the data and the source of the IP packet to ensure
that the packet does come from the node marked by the source address, while the latter
provides the data encryption function to implement the end-to-end encryption.
More Excellent QoS Support
The new field in the IPv6 packet header defines how to identify and process the data flow.
The Flow Label filed in the IPv6 packet header is used to identify the data flow ID, by which
the IPv6 allows users to put forward the requirement for the QoS of communication. The
router can identify all packets of some specified data flow by this field and provide special
processing for these packet on demand.
Neighbor Nodes Interaction-specific New Protocol
The Neighbor Discovery Protocol of the IPv6 uses a series of IPv6 control information
message (ICMPv6) to carry out the interactive management of the neighbor nodes (the node
of the same link). The Neighbor Discovery Protocol and high-efficient multicast and unicast
Neighbor Discovery message replaces previous broadcast-based address resolution
protocol (ARP) and the ICMPv4 router discovery message.
Extensibility
The IPv6 provides powerful extensibility and the new features can be added to the extended
packet header after the IPv6 packet header. Unlike the IPv4, the packet header can only
support the option up to 40 bytes, while the size of the IPv6 extended packet header is only
limited by the maximum bytes of the whole IPv6 packet.
The presently implemented IPv6 supports the following features:
IPv6 Protocol
IPv6 Address Format
Type of IPv6 Address
ICMPv6
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
Path MTU Discovery
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