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Keysight x-series Instruction Manual

Keysight x-series
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3 Short-Range Comms & IoT Mode
3.3 LoRa (CSS) Demodulation Measurement
The range of the display is determined by the parameters ref value, scale/div and ref
position (under the Sweep\X Scale tab).
3.3.2.6 Frequency Drift vs Symbols
For LoRa
TM
CSS signals, a frequency offset is intentionally imposed to each symbol.
The abscissa is the index of symbols starting from the first preamble symbol and the
ordinate is the value of the frequency drift imposed on each symbol.
The length of the trace is set by the measure interval under Meas Setup->Time. It
could be possible that the actual number of symbols is less than the value of the
measure interval. In this case, a message indicating the measurement interval is
longer than the actual symbol number of the frequency drift trace will appear.
Colored bars are imposed on this trace to schematically illustrate the type of each
symbol.
Legend:
Cyan: programed preamble symbols/ fine sync symbols.
Green: custom sync symbols.
Gold: inversed preamble symbols.
Red: header symbols.
Light Gray: payload symbols.
320 Short Range Comms & IoT Mode User's &Programmer's Reference

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Keysight x-series Specifications

General IconGeneral
Analysis BandwidthUp to 1 GHz (depending on model)
Real-Time BandwidthUp to 1 GHz (depending on model)
Form FactorBenchtop
ConnectivityLAN, USB, GPIB
Resolution Bandwidth1 Hz to 10 MHz (depending on model)

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