R&S RTO6 - 15.1.3.3 PWM modulation

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Waveform generator (Option R&S RTO6-B6)

R&S

1023User Manual 1801.6687.02 ─ 05

Remote command:

WGENerator<m>:

MODulation:

AM:DEPTh on page 2446

Symmetry

Sets the symmetry for the ramp modulation waveform, the percentage of time that the

waveform is rising.

Remote command:

WGENerator<m>:MODulation:AM:SYMMetry on page 2447

Duty cycle

Sets the duty cycle for a square waveform. The duty cycle expresses for what percent-

age fraction of the period, the waveform is active, i.e. the signal state is high.

Remote command:

WGENerator<m>:MODulation:AM:DCYCle on page 2446

15.1.3.3 PWM modulation

For pulse width modulation (PWM), the time for which the signal is in a high state is

varied according to the modulation signal.

Modulation signal

Selects the type of the modulation signal for the PWM modulation types.

Setup of the waveform generator

Main Page

Cover1
Contents3
1 Safety and regulatory information11
- 1.1 Safety instructions11
- 1.2 Labels on the product16
- 1.3 Warning messages in the documentation16
- 1.4 Where to find key documents on Rohde & Schwarz17
- 1.5 Korea certification class A17
2 Preface18
- 2.1 Key features18
- 2.2 Documentation overview18
- 2.3 Options described in this document20
- 2.4 Conventions used in the documentation22
  - 2.4.1 Typographical conventions22
  - 2.4.2 Conventions for procedure descriptions22
3 Getting started23
- 3.1 Preparing for use23
- 3.2 Instrument tour29
- 3.3 Operating the instrument41
4 Instrument setup67
- 4.1 System settings67
- 4.2 Option settings71
  - 4.2.1 Software options settings72
  - 4.2.2 HW options settings74
- 4.3 Appearance settings74
- 4.4 Display settings90
- 4.5 Frontpanel settings94
- 4.6 Preset setup98
- 4.7 Maintenance settings100
- 4.8 Save / recall104
5 Acquisition and waveform setup109
- 5.1 Basics109
- 5.2 Horizontal119
- 5.3 Horizontal accuracy123
- 5.4 Acquire settings126
- 5.5 Vertical setup137
- 5.6 Probes145
- 5.7 R&S RT-ZVC probe171
- 5.8 Differential signals180
- 5.9 Setting up the waveform185
6 Triggers190
- 6.1 Basics of triggering190
- 6.2 Setting up the trigger191
- 6.3 Trigger types193
- 6.4 Mode / Holdoff220
- 6.5 Conditioning222
- 6.6 Actions on trigger224
- 6.7 Qualification226
- 6.8 Sequence229
  - 6.8.1 Sequence setup229
- 6.9 Zone trigger232
- 6.10 External trigger input236
  - 6.10.1 External trigger setup236
7 Waveform analysis239
- 7.1 Zoom239
- 7.2 Reference waveforms249
  - 7.2.1 Working with reference waveforms249
  - 7.2.2 Settings for reference waveforms251
- 7.3 Mathematics256
- 7.4 History274
- 7.5 XY-diagram280
  - 7.5.1 Settings for XY-diagrams280
  - 7.5.2 Displaying an XY-diagram282
8 Measurements284
- 8.1 Cursor measurements284
- 8.2 Automatic measurements295
- 8.3 Quick measurements368
  - 8.3.1 Starting the quick measurement368
  - 8.3.2 Configuring the quick measurement368
9 Spectrum analysis370
- 9.1 FFT analysis370
- 9.2 Spectrum analysis (option R&S RTO6-K37)390
10 Mask testing394
- 10.1 About mask testing394
  - 10.1.1 Results of a mask test394
- 10.2 Mask test settings396
- 10.3 Mask testing on eye diagrams408
  - 10.3.1 Test definition for eye mask tests408
  - 10.3.2 Eye mask definition408
- 10.4 Working with masks411
11 Search functions419
- 11.1 Overview: search definition and results419
  - 11.1.1 Search definition419
  - 11.1.2 Search results420
- 11.2 Search setup420
- 11.3 Search gate435
  - 11.3.1 Gate settings435
  - 11.3.2 Defining the search gate437
- 11.4 Search display presentation438
12 Data and file management443
- 12.1 Save and recall user settings443
- 12.2 Save and recall waveform data and results452
- 12.3 Screenshots475
  - 12.3.1 Screenshot settings476
  - 12.3.2 Configuring and saving screenshots479
- 12.4 Reports480
  - 12.4.1 Report settings480
- 12.5 File selection dialog482
13 Protocol analysis484
- 13.1 Basics of protocol analysis484
  - 13.1.1 Setup - general settings485
  - 13.1.2 Autoset for protocols487
  - 13.1.3 Display487
  - 13.1.4 Content and format of the PTT file489
  - 13.1.5 Shortcuts491
  - 13.1.6 Export protocol results492
  - 13.1.7 Bit pattern editor493
- 13.2 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510)494
  - 13.2.1 The I²C protocol494
  - 13.2.2 I²C configuration496
  - 13.2.3 I²C trigger499
    - 13.2.3.1 I²C trigger settings499
    - 13.2.3.2 Triggering on I²C signals504
  - 13.2.4 I²C decode results505
  - 13.2.5 Search on decoded I²C data506
    - 13.2.5.1 I²C search setup506
    - 13.2.5.2 I²C search results509
- 13.3 SPI bus (option R&S RTO6-K510)509
  - 13.3.1 The SPI protocol509
  - 13.3.2 SPI configuration510
  - 13.3.3 SPI trigger515
    - 13.3.3.1 SPI trigger515
    - 13.3.3.2 Triggering on SPI517
  - 13.3.4 SPI decode results517
  - 13.3.5 Search on decoded SPI data518
    - 13.3.5.1 SPI search setup518
    - 13.3.5.2 SPI search results520
- 13.4 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6-K510)520
  - 13.4.1 The UART / RS232 interface520
  - 13.4.2 UART configuration521
  - 13.4.3 UART trigger525
    - 13.4.3.1 UART trigger settings525
    - 13.4.3.2 Triggering on UART signals527
  - 13.4.4 UART decode results527
- 13.5 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510)529
  - 13.5.1 Audio protocols529
  - 13.5.2 Audio configuration531
  - 13.5.3 Audio trigger537
    - 13.5.3.1 Audio trigger537
    - 13.5.3.2 Triggering on audio signals541
  - 13.5.4 Audio decode results541
  - 13.5.5 Track542
    - 13.5.5.1 Track settings in protocol setup544
    - 13.5.5.2 Track enabling in measurement setup545
  - 13.5.6 Trend545
    - 13.5.6.1 Displaying and configuring the trend545
- 13.6 Custom: Manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510)547
  - 13.6.1 Custom: Manchester / NRZ protocols547
    - 13.6.1.1 Special features of Manchester coding547
  - 13.6.2 Custom: Manchester / NRZ configuration549
  - 13.6.3 Custom: Manchester / NRZ trigger567
    - 13.6.3.1 Custom: Manchester / NRZ trigger settings567
    - 13.6.3.2 Triggering on custom Manchester / NRZ serial bus572
  - 13.6.4 Custom filter572
    - 13.6.4.1 Custom filter settings572
  - 13.6.5 Custom: Manchester / NRZ decode results575
  - 13.6.6 Search on decoded custom Manchester / NRZ data576
- 13.7 CAN and CAN FD (option R&S RTO6-K520)578
  - 13.7.1 The CAN protocol578
  - 13.7.2 CAN and CAN FD configuration579
  - 13.7.3 CAN / CAN FD trigger586
    - 13.7.3.1 Trigger settings586
    - 13.7.3.2 Triggering on CAN FD data593
  - 13.7.4 CAN and CAN FD decode results594
  - 13.7.5 Search on decoded CAN or CAN FD data595
  - 13.7.6 Symbolic trigger, decode and search599
- 13.8 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520)604
  - 13.8.1 The LIN protocol604
  - 13.8.2 LIN configuration606
  - 13.8.3 LIN trigger610
    - 13.8.3.1 LIN trigger settings610
    - 13.8.3.2 Triggering on LIN signals614
  - 13.8.4 LIN decode results614
  - 13.8.5 Search on decoded LIN data616
    - 13.8.5.1 LIN search setup616
    - 13.8.5.2 LIN search results618
- 13.9 FlexRay (option R&S RTO6-K520)618
  - 13.9.1 FlexRay configuration618
  - 13.9.2 FlexRay trigger623
    - 13.9.2.1 FlexRay trigger623
    - 13.9.2.2 Triggering on FlexRay signals628
  - 13.9.3 FlexRay decode results629
  - 13.9.4 Search on decoded FlexRay data630
    - 13.9.4.1 FlexRay search setup630
    - 13.9.4.2 FlexRay search results634
- 13.10 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520)634
  - 13.10.1 The SENT protocol635
    - 13.10.1.1 SENT transmission concept635
    - 13.10.1.2 SENT message definitions636
  - 13.10.2 SENT configuration639
  - 13.10.3 SENT trigger643
    - 13.10.3.1 SENT trigger settings643
    - 13.10.3.2 Triggering on SENT signals649
  - 13.10.4 SENT label list649
    - 13.10.4.1 SENT label list translation example651
  - 13.10.5 SENT decode results659
  - 13.10.6 Search on decoded SENT data660
    - 13.10.6.1 SENT search setup660
    - 13.10.6.2 SENT search results665
- 13.11 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520)666
  - 13.11.1 The CXPI protocol666
  - 13.11.2 CXPI configuration667
  - 13.11.3 CXPI trigger671
    - 13.11.3.1 CXPI trigger settings671
    - 13.11.3.2 Triggering on CXPI678
  - 13.11.4 Search on decoded CXPI data679
  - 13.11.5 CXPI decode results683
- 13.12 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530)685
  - 13.12.1 The MIL-STD-1553685
  - 13.12.2 MIL-STD-1553 configuration688
  - 13.12.3 MIL-STD-1553 trigger691
    - 13.12.3.1 Trigger settings MIL-STD-1553691
    - 13.12.3.2 Triggering on MIL-STD-1553697
  - 13.12.4 MIL-STD-1553 decode results698
  - 13.12.5 Search on decoded MIL data698
    - 13.12.5.1 MIL search setup699
    - 13.12.5.2 MIL search results702
- 13.13 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530)702
  - 13.13.1 ARINC 429 basics702
  - 13.13.2 ARINC 429 configuration703
  - 13.13.3 ARINC 429 trigger707
    - 13.13.3.1 ARINC 429 trigger settings707
    - 13.13.3.2 Triggering on ARINC 429710
  - 13.13.4 ARINC 429 decode results710
  - 13.13.5 Search on decoded ARINC 429 data711
    - 13.13.5.1 ARINC 429 search setup712
    - 13.13.5.2 ARINC search results713
- 13.14 SpaceWire (option R&S RTO6-K530)714
  - 13.14.1 SpaceWire basics714
  - 13.14.2 SpaceWire configuration715
  - 13.14.3 SpaceWire trigger719
    - 13.14.3.1 SpaceWire trigger settings719
    - 13.14.3.2 Triggering on SpaceWire721
  - 13.14.4 SpaceWire decode results721
  - 13.14.5 Search on decoded SpaceWire data723
- 13.15 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540)726
  - 13.15.1 The Ethernet protocol726
  - 13.15.2 Ethernet configuration727
  - 13.15.3 Ethernet trigger732
    - 13.15.3.1 Ethernet trigger settings732
    - 13.15.3.2 Triggering on Ethernet signals736
  - 13.15.4 Ethernet decode results736
  - 13.15.5 Search on decoded Ethernet data737
- 13.16 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540)741
  - 13.16.1 The MDIO protocol742
  - 13.16.2 MDIO configuration743
  - 13.16.3 MDIO trigger747
    - 13.16.3.1 MDIO trigger settings747
    - 13.16.3.2 Triggering on MDIO750
  - 13.16.4 MDIO decode results750
  - 13.16.5 Search on decoded MDIO data752
- 13.17 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550)754
  - 13.17.1 The RFFE protocol755
  - 13.17.2 RFFE configuration757
  - 13.17.3 RFFE trigger760
    - 13.17.3.1 RFFE trigger settings760
    - 13.17.3.2 Triggering on RFFE signals768
  - 13.17.4 RFFE label list768
  - 13.17.5 RFFE decode results769
  - 13.17.6 Search on decoded RFFE data771
- 13.18 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560)776
  - 13.18.1 100BASE-T1 basics776
  - 13.18.2 100BASE-T1 configuration777
  - 13.18.3 100BASE-T1 trigger782
    - 13.18.3.1 100BASE-T1 trigger settings782
    - 13.18.3.2 Triggering on 100BASE-T1787
  - 13.18.4 100BASE-T1 decode results787
  - 13.18.5 Search on decoded 100BASE-T1 data789
- 13.19 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560)794
  - 13.19.1 1000BASE-T1 basics794
  - 13.19.2 1000BASE-T1 configuration795
  - 13.19.3 1000BASE-T1 trigger798
    - 13.19.3.1 1000BASE-T1 trigger settings798
    - 13.19.3.2 Triggering on 1000BASE-T1804
  - 13.19.4 1000BASE-T1 decode results804
  - 13.19.5 Search on decoded 1000BASE-T1 data806
- 13.20 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570)812
  - 13.20.1 The USB protocol813
  - 13.20.2 USB 2.0 configuration818
    - 13.20.2.1 USB 2.0 configuration settings818
    - 13.20.2.2 Configuring USB signals823
  - 13.20.3 USB 2.0 trigger824
    - 13.20.3.1 USB 2.0 trigger settings824
    - 13.20.3.2 Triggering on USB 2.0831
  - 13.20.4 USB 2.0 decode results832
  - 13.20.5 Search on decoded USB 2.0 data833
- 13.21 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570)840
  - 13.21.1 The USB 3.1 protocol840
  - 13.21.2 USB 3.1 configuration848
  - 13.21.3 USB 3.1 trigger853
    - 13.21.3.1 USB 3.1 trigger settings853
    - 13.21.3.2 Triggering on USB 3.1856
  - 13.21.4 USB 3.1 decode results856
  - 13.21.5 Search on decoded USB 3.1 data858
- 13.22 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570)861
  - 13.22.1 The USB power delivery protocol861
  - 13.22.2 USBPD configuration863
  - 13.22.3 USBPD trigger866
    - 13.22.3.1 USBPD trigger settings866
    - 13.22.3.2 Triggering on USBPD869
  - 13.22.4 USBPD decode results870
  - 13.22.5 Search on decoded USBPD data872
- 13.23 D-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580)874
  - 13.23.1 D-PHY basics875
  - 13.23.2 D-PHY configuration875
  - 13.23.3 D-PHY trigger879
    - 13.23.3.1 D-PHY trigger settings879
    - 13.23.3.2 Triggering on D-PHY885
  - 13.23.4 D-PHY decode results885
  - 13.23.5 Search on decoded D-PHY data886
- 13.24 M-PHY and USB SSIC (option R&S RTO6-K580 and K570)891
  - 13.24.1 M-PHY basic892
    - 13.24.1.1 Data transfer892
    - 13.24.1.2 Data analysis892
  - 13.24.2 M-PHY configuration893
  - 13.24.3 M-PHY trigger896
  - 13.24.4 M-PHY decode results911
  - 13.24.5 Search on decoded M-PHY data912
- 13.25 8b/10b (option R&S RTO6-K590)921
  - 13.25.1 The 8b/10b code922
  - 13.25.2 8b/10b configuration922
  - 13.25.3 8b/10b trigger927
    - 13.25.3.1 8b/10b trigger setup927
    - 13.25.3.2 Triggering on 8b/10b data930
  - 13.25.4 8b/10b decode results930
  - 13.25.5 Search on decoded 8b/10b data931
- 13.26 PCIe (option R&S RTO6-K72)934
  - 13.26.1 The PCIe protocol935
  - 13.26.2 PCIe configuration937
  - 13.26.3 PCIe digital signal processing (DSP) settings940
    - 13.26.3.1 PCIe Gen 1/2 CDR configuration settings940
  - 13.26.4 PCIe trigger942
    - 13.26.4.1 PCIe trigger settings942
    - 13.26.4.2 Triggering on PCIe Gen 1/2951
  - 13.26.5 PCIe Gen 1/2 decode results952
  - 13.26.6 PCIe Gen 1/2 search953
- 13.27 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91 )964
  - 13.27.1 DDR configuration964
  - 13.27.2 Search on decoded DDR data967
  - 13.27.3 DDR decode results971
  - 13.27.4 Eye diagram setup972
14 Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1)984
- 14.1 Digital channels and parallel buses985
- 14.2 Display994
  - 14.2.1 Parallel bus - decode table995
  - 14.2.2 Adjusting the display of digital channels and parallel buses996
- 14.3 Trigger996
  - 14.3.1 Trigger settings for digital signals and parallel buses997
  - 14.3.2 Triggering on digital signals and parallel buses1009
- 14.4 Measurements on digital channels1009
- 14.5 Data export1010
- 14.6 Mathematics1011
- 14.7 Search1011
15 Waveform generator (Option R&S RTO6-B6)1013
- 15.1 Setup of the waveform generator1013
- 15.2 Setup of the pattern generator1032
  - 15.2.1 Content and format of the pattern generator files1033
  - 15.2.2 Pattern generator settings1034
- 15.3 Output1035
- 15.4 Coupling settings1038
- 15.5 Sync settings1039
- 15.6 Configuring the waveform generator1040
16 Pulse source and TDR/TDT analysis (options R&S RTO6-B7/K130)1044
- 16.1 Pulse source (option R&S RTO6-B7)1044
  - 16.1.1 Settings for the pulse source1045
- 16.2 TDR/TDT analysis (option R&S RTO6-K130)1046
17 I/Q software interface (Option R&S RTO6-K11)1059
- 17.1 I/Q mode1059
- 17.2 I/Q sampling setup1059
- 17.3 I/Q data output1064
- 17.4 NFC trigger1066
18 Jitter analysis and clock data recovery1068
- 18.1 Jitter measurements (options R&S RTO6-K12/K13)1069
- 18.2 Advanced jitter and noise (option R&S RTO6- K133/K134)1079
- 18.3 Clock data recovery1112
19 Power analysis (option R&S RTO6-K31)1121
- 19.1 Power measurement selection1121
  - 19.1.1 Setup settings1122
- 19.2 Overview of power measurement setup1133
- 19.3 Input1136
- 19.4 Control loop1150
- 19.5 Power path1164
- 19.6 Output1183
20 Deembedding (option R&S RTO6-K121)1199
- 20.1 Configuring the measurement setup for deembedding1199
- 20.2 Deembedding settings1200
- 20.3 Responses1209
  - 20.3.1 Responses of the component cascade1209
  - 20.3.2 Responses of the measurement setup1209
- 20.4 Proven probe, proven cable1210
  - 20.4.1 Characterization of proven probes and cables1210
  - 20.4.2 Deembedding with proven probe or proven cable1214
21 Compliance tests1216
- 21.1 USB compliance test1216
  - 21.1.1 Test equipment1217
- 21.2 Ethernet compliance tests (options R&S RTO6-K22/K23/K24/K87/K88/K89)1217
  - 21.2.1 Test equipment1218
- 21.3 D-PHY compliance tests (option R&S RTO6-K26)1220
  - 21.3.1 Test equipment1220
- 21.4 eMMC compliance tests (option R&S RTO6-K92)1220
  - 21.4.1 Test equipment1221
- 21.5 PCIe compliance tests (option R&S RTO6-K81)1221
  - 21.5.1 Test equipment1221
- 21.6 DDR3 compliance tests (option R&S RTO6-K91)1222
  - 21.6.1 Test equipment1222
    - 21.6.1.1 Soldering guide for modular probes1222
22 Network operation and remote control1223
- 22.1 Operating system1223
- 22.2 Setting up a network (LAN) connection1228
- 22.3 Web interface1233
  - 22.3.1 Settings on the R&S RTO61233
  - 22.3.2 Web browser1233
- 22.4 Remote Desktop connection1238
- 22.5 Remote control1240
23 Maintenance and support1255
- 23.1 Cleaning1255
- 23.2 Contacting customer support1255
- 23.3 Information for technical support1256
- 23.4 Data security1256
- 23.5 Transporting1256
- 23.6 Storage1257
- 23.7 Disposal1257
24 Remote control commands1258
- 24.1 Conventions used in remote command description1258
- 24.2 Finding the appropriate command1258
- 24.3 Programming examples1259
  - 24.3.1 Display1260
    - 24.3.1.1 Creating diagrams (SmartGrid)1260
    - 24.3.1.2 Creating zoom diagrams1261
  - 24.3.2 Automatic measurements1261
  - 24.3.3 Mask testing1265
    - 24.3.3.1 Creating a user mask1265
  - 24.3.4 Search1266
    - 24.3.4.1 Searching for a pulse of specified width1266
  - 24.3.5 Data management1266
  - 24.3.6 Deembedding1273
    - 24.3.6.1 Adding cables to the measurement setup1273
  - 24.3.7 Protocol analysis1273
    - 24.3.7.1 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550)1273
    - 24.3.7.2 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520)1275
  - 24.3.8 Power analysis (option R&S RTO6-K31)1277
    - 24.3.8.1 Auto deskew1277
    - 24.3.8.2 Transient response measurement1278
- 24.4 Frequently used parameters and suffixes1279
  - 24.4.1 Waveform suffix1279
  - 24.4.2 Waveform parameter1284
  - 24.4.3 Slope parameter1285
  - 24.4.4 Polarity parameter1285
  - 24.4.5 Event parameter1286
  - 24.4.6 Bit pattern parameter1286
- 24.5 Common commands1287
- 24.6 General remote settings1292
- 24.7 Instrument setup1296
  - 24.7.1 System1296
  - 24.7.2 Appearance1297
  - 24.7.3 Display1319
  - 24.7.4 User-defined preset1321
  - 24.7.5 Save / recall1322
  - 24.7.6 Maintenance1322
- 24.8 Acquisition and setup1324
  - 24.8.1 Starting and stopping acquisition1325
  - 24.8.2 Time base1326
  - 24.8.3 Acquisition1332
  - 24.8.4 Fast segmentation1336
  - 24.8.5 Vertical1337
  - 24.8.6 Waveform data1342
  - 24.8.7 Probes1343
  - 24.8.8 R&S RT-ZVC probe1366
    - 24.8.8.1 Probe setup1366
    - 24.8.8.2 Resolution and data1377
  - 24.8.9 Differential signals1379
  - 24.8.10 Digital filter1382
  - 24.8.11 Skew1384
  - 24.8.12 AUX OUT1385
  - 24.8.13 High definition mode1386
  - 24.8.14 Reference clock1388
- 24.9 Trigger1388
  - 24.9.1 Basic trigger settings1389
  - 24.9.2 Edge trigger1392
  - 24.9.3 Glitch trigger1393
  - 24.9.4 Width trigger1394
  - 24.9.5 Runt trigger1396
  - 24.9.6 Window trigger1398
  - 24.9.7 Timeout trigger1400
  - 24.9.8 Interval trigger1401
  - 24.9.9 Slew rate trigger1403
  - 24.9.10 Setup & Hold1405
  - 24.9.11 State trigger1407
  - 24.9.12 Pattern trigger1408
  - 24.9.13 Serial pattern trigger1410
  - 24.9.14 TV/Video trigger1412
  - 24.9.15 Trigger qualification1417
  - 24.9.16 Holdoff1420
  - 24.9.17 Conditioning1424
  - 24.9.18 Trigger sequence1426
  - 24.9.19 Trigger control1429
  - 24.9.20 Actions on trigger1431
  - 24.9.21 Zone trigger1433
  - 24.9.22 External trigger input1434
  - 24.9.23 Acquisition info1437
- 24.10 Waveform analysis1437
  - 24.10.1 Zoom1437
  - 24.10.2 Reference waveforms1446
  - 24.10.3 Mathematics1456
  - 24.10.4 History1461
  - 24.10.5 XY-Diagram1465
- 24.11 Cursor measurements1468
  - 24.11.1 Cursor setup1468
  - 24.11.2 Cursor results1476
  - 24.11.3 Peak search using cursors1477
- 24.12 Automatic measurements1479
  - 24.12.1 General settings1480
  - 24.12.2 Results1485
  - 24.12.3 Amplitude/time measurements1489
  - 24.12.4 Arithmetic for amplitude/time and spectrum measurements1499
  - 24.12.5 Eye diagram measurements1508
  - 24.12.6 Spectrum1511
  - 24.12.7 Optical measurements1518
  - 24.12.8 Histograms1521
    - 24.12.8.1 Histogram display1521
    - 24.12.8.2 Histogram measurement1527
  - 24.12.9 Display1531
  - 24.12.10 Statistics and long-term measurements1533
  - 24.12.11 Protocol1539
  - 24.12.12 Track and trend1545
  - 24.12.13 Gating1546
  - 24.12.14 Limit check and event actions1549
  - 24.12.15 Reference levels1552
- 24.13 Spectrum analysis1565
  - 24.13.1 Basic FFT1565
  - 24.13.2 Waveform data1578
  - 24.13.3 Spectrum analysis (option R&S RTO6-K37)1580
- 24.14 Mask testing1582
  - 24.14.1 Mask test definition1582
  - 24.14.2 Mask definition: user mask1586
  - 24.14.3 Mask definition: waveform mask1592
  - 24.14.4 Event actions1594
  - 24.14.5 Results1597
  - 24.14.6 Eye mask testing1599
    - 24.14.6.1 Definition of eye masks1599
- 24.15 Search1603
  - 24.15.1 General search settings1604
  - 24.15.2 Basic trigger search conditions1606
  - 24.15.3 Edge search conditions1608
  - 24.15.4 Glitch search conditions1608
  - 24.15.5 Interval search conditions1610
  - 24.15.6 Runt search conditions1611
  - 24.15.7 Slew rate search conditions1614
  - 24.15.8 Timeout search conditions1616
  - 24.15.9 Width search conditions1617
  - 24.15.10 Window search conditions1619
  - 24.15.11 Data2clock search conditions1621
  - 24.15.12 Pattern search conditions1623
  - 24.15.13 State search conditions1628
  - 24.15.14 Search on spectrum1630
  - 24.15.15 Search gate settings1631
  - 24.15.16 Search results1634
- 24.16 Data management1640
  - 24.16.1 Instrument settings1640
  - 24.16.2 Savesets and one file1648
  - 24.16.3 Waveform data transmission1649
  - 24.16.4 Waveform data export to file1649
  - 24.16.5 Waveform histogram export to file1656
  - 24.16.6 Eye1657
  - 24.16.7 Long term measurement results and measurement histogram export to file1659
  - 24.16.8 Screenshots1660
  - 24.16.9 Reports1664
  - 24.16.10 Autonaming1666
  - 24.16.11 CSV export1668
  - 24.16.12 External application1668
- 24.17 Protocols1669
  - 24.17.1 Configuration settings for all serial protocols1670
  - 24.17.2 Trigger settings for all serial protocols1674
  - 24.17.3 I²C (option R&S RTO6-K510)1676
    - 24.17.3.1 Configuration1676
    - 24.17.3.2 Trigger1678
    - 24.17.3.3 Decode results1684
    - 24.17.3.4 I²C search settings1693
    - 24.17.3.5 I²C search results1701
  - 24.17.4 SPI (option R&S RTO6-K510)1708
    - 24.17.4.1 SPI bus configuration1708
    - 24.17.4.2 SPI trigger1712
    - 24.17.4.3 SPI decode results1715
    - 24.17.4.4 SPI search settings1720
    - 24.17.4.5 SPI search results1723
  - 24.17.5 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (option R&S RTO6-K510)1727
    - 24.17.5.1 Configuration1727
    - 24.17.5.2 Trigger1733
    - 24.17.5.3 Decode results1735
  - 24.17.6 Audio signals (option R&S RTO6-K510)1737
    - 24.17.6.1 Configuration1737
    - 24.17.6.2 Trigger1743
    - 24.17.6.3 Decode results1747
    - 24.17.6.4 Track and trend1750
  - 24.17.7 Custom: manchester / NRZ (option R&S RTO6-K510)1752
    - 24.17.7.1 Configuration1752
    - 24.17.7.2 Trigger1768
    - 24.17.7.3 Filter1774
    - 24.17.7.4 Decode results1778
    - 24.17.7.5 Search settings1784
    - 24.17.7.6 Search results1789
  - 24.17.8 CAN (option R&S RTO6-K520)1795
    - 24.17.8.1 Configuration1795
    - 24.17.8.2 Trigger1800
    - 24.17.8.3 Decode results1808
    - 24.17.8.4 Search settings1817
    - 24.17.8.5 Search results1825
    - 24.17.8.6 Symbolic trigger, decode and search1832
  - 24.17.9 LIN (option R&S RTO6-K520)1837
    - 24.17.9.1 Configuration1837
    - 24.17.9.2 Trigger1839
    - 24.17.9.3 Decode results1845
    - 24.17.9.4 LIN search settings1852
    - 24.17.9.5 LIN search results1859
  - 24.17.10 Flexray (option R&S RTO6-K520)1865
    - 24.17.10.1 Configuration1865
    - 24.17.10.2 Trigger1870
    - 24.17.10.3 Decode results1878
    - 24.17.10.4 Search settings1884
    - 24.17.10.5 Search results1893
  - 24.17.11 SENT (option R&S RTO6-K520)1899
    - 24.17.11.1 Configuration1899
    - 24.17.11.2 Trigger1902
    - 24.17.11.3 Decode results1909
    - 24.17.11.4 SENT search settings1916
    - 24.17.11.5 SENT search results1924
  - 24.17.12 CXPI (option R&S RTO6-K520)1929
    - 24.17.12.1 Configuration1929
    - 24.17.12.2 Trigger1933
    - 24.17.12.3 Decode results1941
    - 24.17.12.4 Search settings1945
    - 24.17.12.5 Search result settings1953
  - 24.17.13 MIL-1553 (option R&S RTO6-K530)1957
    - 24.17.13.1 Configuration1957
    - 24.17.13.2 Trigger1960
    - 24.17.13.3 Decode results1970
    - 24.17.13.4 Search settings1973
    - 24.17.13.5 Search results1980
  - 24.17.14 ARINC 429 (option R&S RTO6-K530)1982
    - 24.17.14.1 Configuration1983
    - 24.17.14.2 Trigger1986
    - 24.17.14.3 Decode results1989
    - 24.17.14.4 Search settings1993
    - 24.17.14.5 Search results1996
  - 24.17.15 Space wire (option R&S RTO6-K530)1999
    - 24.17.15.1 Configuration1999
    - 24.17.15.2 Trigger2002
    - 24.17.15.3 Decode results2005
    - 24.17.15.4 Search settings2010
    - 24.17.15.5 Search results2014
  - 24.17.16 Ethernet 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX (option R&S RTO6-K540)2016
    - 24.17.16.1 Configuration2017
    - 24.17.16.2 Trigger2019
    - 24.17.16.3 Decode results2024
    - 24.17.16.4 Search settings2030
    - 24.17.16.5 Search results2035
  - 24.17.17 MDIO (option R&S RTO6-K540)2040
    - 24.17.17.1 Configuration2040
    - 24.17.17.2 Trigger2042
    - 24.17.17.3 Decode results2045
    - 24.17.17.4 Search settings2049
    - 24.17.17.5 Search results2051
  - 24.17.18 RFFE (option R&S RTO6-K550)2055
    - 24.17.18.1 Configuration2055
    - 24.17.18.2 Trigger2060
    - 24.17.18.3 Decode results2069
    - 24.17.18.4 Search settings2076
    - 24.17.18.5 Search results2082
  - 24.17.19 Ethernet 100BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560)2086
    - 24.17.19.1 Configuration2086
    - 24.17.19.2 Trigger2090
    - 24.17.19.3 Decode results2097
    - 24.17.19.4 Search settings2103
    - 24.17.19.5 Search results2111
  - 24.17.20 Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 (option R&S RTO6-K560)2116
    - 24.17.20.1 Configuration2116
    - 24.17.20.2 Decode results2119
    - 24.17.20.3 Trigger2125
    - 24.17.20.4 Search settings2133
    - 24.17.20.5 Search results2141
  - 24.17.21 USB (option R&S RTO6-K570)2147
    - 24.17.21.1 Configuration2147
    - 24.17.21.2 Trigger2151
    - 24.17.21.3 Decode results2162
    - 24.17.21.4 Search settings2168
    - 24.17.21.5 Search results2183
  - 24.17.22 USB 3.1 (option R&S RTO6-K570)2188
    - 24.17.22.1 Configuration2188
    - 24.17.22.2 Digital signal processing (DSP)2190
    - 24.17.22.3 Trigger2193
    - 24.17.22.4 Decode results2204
    - 24.17.22.5 Search settings2208
    - 24.17.22.6 Search results2214
  - 24.17.23 USBPD (option R&S RTO6-K570)2218
    - 24.17.23.1 Configuration2218
    - 24.17.23.2 Trigger2220
    - 24.17.23.3 Decode results2227
    - 24.17.23.4 Search settings2232
    - 24.17.23.5 Search results2237
  - 24.17.24 D-PHY (Option R&S RTO6-K580)2242
    - 24.17.24.1 D-PHY configuration2243
    - 24.17.24.2 D-PHY trigger2248
    - 24.17.24.3 D-PHY decode results2255
    - 24.17.24.4 D-PHY search settings2261
    - 24.17.24.5 D-PHY search results2269
  - 24.17.25 M-PHY (option R&S RTO6-K580)2274
    - 24.17.25.1 Configuration2274
    - 24.17.25.2 Trigger M-PHY2277
    - 24.17.25.3 Decode results M-PHY2292
    - 24.17.25.4 Search settings M-PHY2299
    - 24.17.25.5 Search results M-PHY2315
    - 24.17.25.6 Trigger USB SSIC (Option R&S RTO6-K570)2320
    - 24.17.25.7 Search settings USB SSIC (Option R&S RTO6-K570)2325
  - 24.17.26 8B/10B (option R&S RTO6-K590)2331
    - 24.17.26.1 Configuration2331
    - 24.17.26.2 Trigger settings2336
    - 24.17.26.3 Decode results2339
    - 24.17.26.4 Search settings2341
    - 24.17.26.5 Search results2344
  - 24.17.27 PCIe (option R&S RTO6K72)2346
    - 24.17.27.1 Configuration2346
    - 24.17.27.2 Clock data recovery2349
    - 24.17.27.3 Trigger2351
    - 24.17.27.4 Decode results2359
    - 24.17.27.5 Search settings2368
    - 24.17.27.6 Search results2380
  - 24.17.28 DDR (option R&S RTO6-K91)2387
    - 24.17.28.1 Configuration2387
    - 24.17.28.2 Decode results2389
    - 24.17.28.3 Search settings2393
    - 24.17.28.4 Search results2398
    - 24.17.28.5 Eye diagram analysis2402
- 24.18 Mixed signal option (MSO, R&S RTO6-B1)2420
  - 24.18.1 Digital channels2420
  - 24.18.2 Parallel bus configuration2423
  - 24.18.3 Digital resolution2430
  - 24.18.4 Trigger settings for digital signals and parallel buses2431
  - 24.18.5 MSO data2440
- 24.19 Waveform generator (option R&S RTO6-B6)2443
  - 24.19.1 Waveform generator setup2443
  - 24.19.2 Pattern generator setup2456
  - 24.19.3 Output setup2457
  - 24.19.4 Noise setup2459
  - 24.19.5 DC offset alignment2461
  - 24.19.6 Coupling & sync2462
- 24.20 Pulse Source and TDR/TDT Analysis (options R&S RTO6-B7/K130)2464
  - 24.20.1 Pulse source (option R&S RTO6-B7)2464
  - 24.20.2 TDR/TDT analysis2466
    - 24.20.2.1 Calibration2466
    - 24.20.2.2 Measurements2468
- 24.21 I/Q software interface (option R&S RTO6-K11)2472
  - 24.21.1 I/Q sampling settings2472
  - 24.21.2 I/Q data output2477
  - 24.21.3 NFC trigger2478
- 24.22 Jitter analysis and clock data recovery2479
  - 24.22.1 Jitter measurements (option R&S RTO6-K12)2479
  - 24.22.2 Advanced jitter and noise(option R&S RTO6-K133)/(option R&S RTO6-K134)2484
  - 24.22.3 Clock data recovery (software-based, option R&S RTO6-K12)2510
  - 24.22.4 Clock data recovery (hardware-based, option R&S RTO6-K13)2515
  - 24.22.5 Serial pattern trigger using CDR2518
  - 24.22.6 Eye mask testing2519
- 24.23 Power analysis (option R&S RTO6-K31)2519
  - 24.23.1 General2520
  - 24.23.2 Deskew2520
  - 24.23.3 Report2522
  - 24.23.4 Power quality2527
  - 24.23.5 Inrush current2529
  - 24.23.6 Current harmonic2531
  - 24.23.7 Modulation analysis2533
  - 24.23.8 Dynamic ON resistance2535
  - 24.23.9 Slew rate2536
  - 24.23.10 S.O.A2539
  - 24.23.11 Turn on/off2541
  - 24.23.12 Switching loss2543
  - 24.23.13 Power efficiency2546
  - 24.23.14 Ripple2547
  - 24.23.15 Transient response2554
  - 24.23.16 Spectrum2557
- 24.24 Deembedding (option R&S RTO6-K121)2558
  - 24.24.1 Measurement setup2559
  - 24.24.2 Save and load the deembedding setup2561
  - 24.24.3 Components2562
  - 24.24.4 Responses2568
- 24.25 Maintenance2570
- 24.26 Status reporting2572
  - 24.26.1 STATus:OPERation register2572
  - 24.26.2 STATus:QUEStionable registers2573
- 24.27 Remote trace2578
  - 24.27.1 Standard commands2578
  - 24.27.2 Diagnostic remote trace commands2581
- 24.28 Deprecated commands2581
  - 24.28.1 Base instrument2582
  - 24.28.2 Options2582
List of commands2583
Index2665

R&S RTO6 - 15.1.3.3 PWM modulation

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